bio chem

Question 1

chemical energy

Answer 1

stored in the bonds of ATP
- breaking of these bonds releases energy

Question 2

cellular respiration

Answer 2

mitochondria break down carbohydrates to generate ATP molecules

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

• adenosine triphosphate
  provides energy for:
• active transport
• chromosomal movement
• cell movement
• muscle movement
• synthesis fo macromolecules
• high energy molecule
• phophate groups are negatively charged

Question 4

matix of mitochondria

Answer 4

• fluid-filled space of the inner membrane
• contains enzymes for breaking down high energy molecules

Question 5

cristae of mitochondria

Answer 5

• folds within the inner membrane
• provide large SA for ATP production

Question 6

photosynthesis equation

Answer 6

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY –> C6H1206 + 6 02
- anabolic

Question 7

cellular respiration equation

Answer 7

C6H1206 + 602 –> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
- catabolic
- glucose is oxidized
- oxygen is reduced
- 1 oxygen breakdown is 36 ATP
- takes place in the mitochondria

Question 8

oxidation

Answer 8

when an atom or molecule loses an electron (e-)

Question 9

reduction

Answer 9

when an atom or molecule gains an electron (e-)

Question 10

reducing power

Answer 10

reduced molecules with large amounts of energy available

Question 11

with oxygen

Answer 11

aerobic respiration

Question 12

without oxygen

Answer 12

anaerobic respiration

Question 13

aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 13

1) glycolysis
2) pyruvate oxidization
3) kreb’s cycle
4) electron transport chain

Question 14

anaerobic cellular respiration

Answer 14

• for every oxygen 2 ATP
• glycolysis
• lactic acid fermentation

Question 15

glycolysis

Answer 15

• in the cytoplasm (outside the mitochondria)
• splits glucose into two pyruvates
• reduction of NAD to NADH
• anaerobic
• uses 2 ATP to initiate glycolysis but 4 ATP are produced
• releases 2 NADH
• 2 CO2

Question 16

pyruvate

Answer 16

C3H6O3
- goes from glycolysis to kreb’s cycle

Question 17

NADH

Answer 17

• intermediate energy
• has been reduced
• carries e- to the electron transport chain
  from glycolysis: 2 ATP
  from kreb’s: 3 ATP

Question 18

FADH2

Answer 18

• intermediate energy
• has been reduced
• carries e- to the electron transport chain BUT less efficient than NADH
• makes 2 ATP

Question 19

kreb’s cycle

Answer 19

• aerobic cycle
• in the matrix of the mitochondrion
• makes the intermediate energy carriers
• repeates 2x for every glucose molecule
• makes CO2

Question 20

each glucose makes

Answer 20

4 CO2
2 ATP
2 FADH2
6 NADH

Question 21

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 21

• aerobic
• cellular respiration
• makes the most ATP

Question 22

electron transport chain

Answer 22

• accepts e- from NADH and FADH2
• e- is passed from enzyme to enzyme
• the energy “lost” moves H+ into the intermembrane space

Question 23

NADH oxidization

Answer 23

NADH –> NAD + H + e-
NAD –> krebs cycle
H+ –> intermembrane space

Question 24

chemiosmosis

Answer 24

• transfer of kinetic energy of the H+ to cause ADP to become ATP

Question 25

ATP synthase

Answer 25

• like a revolving door that H+ push on to make it turn

Question 26

overall ATP production

Answer 26

36 ATP