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circulation Flashcards

1
Q

memory T cells

A

recognize the invader and start antibody production

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2
Q

supressor T cells

A

will turn off the immune respose once the invasive agent is vanquished

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3
Q

killer T cells

A

infectious cells or the body cells

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4
Q

helper T cells

A

recognize the antigens on the invader and release chemicals to stimulate the macrophage, B cells and T cells into action

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5
Q

memory B cells

A

remember the invasive agent so that after a second infection the immune respose will be faster

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6
Q

plasma B cells

A

make antibodies which disables the invader pathogen

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7
Q

T cells

A

helper T, killer T, suppressor T, and memory T cells
- mature in the thymus

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8
Q

B cells

A

plasma B and memory B cells
- mature in the bone marrow
- lymphocytes

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9
Q

histamine

A

chemical released by macrophage to call extra white blood cells and lymph to the area

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10
Q

3rd defense

A

B+T cells

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11
Q

2nd defense

A

macrophage, histamines

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12
Q

rH

A
  • red blood cell antigen protein
  • rH+ can accept (+) and (-)
  • rH- can only accept (-)
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13
Q

blood type O

A
  • no antigens
  • both antibodies
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14
Q

blood type AB

A
  • A and B antigens
  • no antibodies
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15
Q

blood type B

A
  • B antigens
  • A antibodies
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16
Q

blood type A

A
  • A antigens
  • B antibodies
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17
Q

agglutination

A

clumped blood but on a smaller scale

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18
Q

antibodies

A
  • ‘y’ shaped
  • target specific antigen
  • carry invaders to cause agglutination
  • can cross the placenta
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19
Q

antigens

A

protein on the surface of the red blood cell

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20
Q

platelets

A
  • no nucleus
  • have protein that reacts with calcium
  • have thromboplastin inside
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21
Q

leukocytes

A
  • white blood cells make up 1% of blood
  • help with immunity
  • macrophage
  • lymphocytes
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22
Q

erthrocytes

A
  • red blood cells
  • are enuculated
  • carry O2 and CO2 away from the tissues to the lungs
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23
Q

blood cells

A

45% of blood

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24
Q

plasma

A
  • 55% of blood
  • 90% water
  • nutrients and wastes
  • CO2 and O2
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25
Q

hematocrit

A

result of centrifuging a blood sample

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26
Q

macrophages

A

white blood cells
- less specialized
ex. graduated then go eat outsiders

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27
Q

lymphocytes

A
  • stored in the lymph nodes
  • is a white blood cell
  • more specialized
  • antibody production
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28
Q

lymph nodes

A

‘reservoirs’ for white blood cells to specialize in tasks

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29
Q

lymph fluid

A
  • has no red blood cells
  • has white cells
  • has water
  • has fats
  • has dissolved waste and nutrients
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30
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A
  • intertwined with circulatory capillaries to absorb excess ECF and return it to lymph vessels
    structured LIKE veins
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31
Q

lymph vessels

A

run parallel to the circulatory system
- return fluid back to the vena cava
- has valves

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32
Q

lymphatic system

A
  • part of immune system
  • Produces and releases lymphocytes
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33
Q

albumin

A
  • large proteins
  • will NOT leave the capillary
  • a plasma protein
  • causes H2O to leave tissues and enter blood
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34
Q

osmotic pressure

A

the ability to draw water

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35
Q

interstitual fluid

A

solution of ions, nutrients and wastes around all cells
- also called extra cellular fluid

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36
Q

arterioles

A
  • only allow blood flow to capillaries when the cells in one area are in need of more O2
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37
Q

hypotension

A

having low blood pressure

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38
Q

hypertension

A

having high blood pressure

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39
Q

baroreceptors

A
  • in the aortic arch
  • sense blood pressure
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40
Q

vasodilation

A
  • decreasing the blood pressure within the artery
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41
Q

vasoconstriction

A

increasing the blood pressure within that artery
ex. covering hose to reach further

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42
Q

diastolic pressure

A
  • low blood pressure
  • pressure in arteries while the ventricles fill up (at rest)
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43
Q

systolic pressure

A
  • high blood pressure
  • when ventricles contract
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44
Q

blood pressure

A

the force blood exerts on the walls of the blood

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45
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood moved per heart pump

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46
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped per minute
- measured in mL/min

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47
Q

tachycardia

A

condition in which heart rate is elevated beyond normal

48
Q

AV node

A
  • atrioventricular node
  • signaled by the SA node
49
Q

the SA (sinoatrial node)

A
  • nerves
  • control the rate of heart beat
  • signals the AV node
50
Q

venules

A

lead to the veins
- return blood to the heart for pulmonary circulation

51
Q

capillaries

A

one cell thick vessels

52
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart
- branch into arterioles
- thick elastic walls
- is how we get pulse recordings

53
Q

blood vessels

A
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • venules
54
Q

systemic circulation

A

directs oxygenated blood

55
Q

pulmonary

A

blood is moving from the heart to the lungs to the heart

56
Q

cardiac/coronary

A

movement of blood directly to the heart

57
Q

circulation systems

A
  • cardiac/coronary
  • pulmonary
  • systemic circulation
58
Q

circulation

A
  • moves oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body’s cells
  • removes wastes
59
Q

recognize the invader and start antibody production

A

memory T cells

60
Q

will turn off the immune respose once the invasive agent is vanquished

A

supressor T cells

61
Q

infectious cells or the body cells

A

killer T cells

62
Q

recognize the antigens on the invader and release chemicals to stimulate the macrophage, B cells and T cells into action

A

helper T cells

63
Q

remember the invasive agent so that after a second infection the immune respose will be faster

A

memory B cells

64
Q

make antibodies which disables the invader pathogen

A

plasma B cells

65
Q

helper T, killer T, suppressor T, and memory T cells
- mature in the thymus

66
Q

plasma B and memory B cells
- mature in the bone marrow
- lymphocytes

67
Q

chemical released by macrophage to call extra white blood cells and lymph to the area

68
Q

B+T cells

A

3rd defense

69
Q

macrophage, histamines

A

2nd defense

70
Q
  • red blood cell antigen protein
  • rH+ can accept (+) and (-)
  • rH- can only accept (-)
71
Q
  • no antigens
  • both antibodies
A

blood type O

72
Q
  • A and B antigens
  • no antibodies
A

blood type AB

73
Q
  • B antigens
  • A antibodies
A

blood type B

74
Q
  • A antigens
  • B antibodies
A

blood type A

75
Q

clumped blood but on a smaller scale

A

agglutination

76
Q
  • ‘y’ shaped
  • target specific antigen
  • carry invaders to cause agglutination
  • can cross the placenta
A

antibodies

77
Q

protein on the surface of the red blood cell

78
Q
  • no nucleus
  • have protein that reacts with calcium
  • have thromboplastin inside
79
Q
  • white blood cells make up 1% of blood
  • help with immunity
  • macrophage
  • lymphocytes
A

leukocytes

80
Q
  • red blood cells
  • are enuculated
  • carry O2 and CO2 away from the tissues to the lungs
A

erthrocytes

81
Q

45% of blood

A

blood cells

82
Q
  • 55% of blood
  • 90% water
  • nutrients and wastes
  • CO2 and O2
83
Q

result of centrifuging a blood sample

A

hematocrit

84
Q

white blood cells
- less specialized
ex. graduated then go eat outsiders

A

macrophages

85
Q
  • stored in the lymph nodes
  • is a white blood cell
  • more specialized
  • antibody production
A

lymphocytes

86
Q

‘reservoirs’ for white blood cells to specialize in tasks

A

lymph nodes

87
Q
  • has no red blood cells
  • has white cells
  • has water
  • has fats
  • has dissolved waste and nutrients
A

lymph fluid

88
Q
  • intertwined with circulatory capillaries to absorb excess ECF and return it to lymph vessels
    structured LIKE veins
A

lymphatic capillaries

89
Q

run parallel to the circulatory system
- return fluid back to the vena cava
- has valves

A

lymph vessels

90
Q
  • part of immune system
  • Produces and releases lymphocytes
A

lymphatic system

91
Q
  • large proteins
  • will NOT leave the capillary
  • a plasma protein
  • causes H2O to leave tissues and enter blood
92
Q

the ability to draw water

A

osmotic pressure

93
Q

solution of ions, nutrients and wastes around all cells
- also called extra cellular fluid

A

interstitual fluid

94
Q
  • only allow blood flow to capillaries when the cells in one area are in need of more O2
A

arterioles

95
Q

having low blood pressure

A

hypotension

96
Q

having high blood pressure

A

hypertension

97
Q
  • in the aortic arch
  • sense blood pressure
A

baroreceptors

98
Q
  • decreasing the blood pressure within the artery
A

vasodilation

99
Q

increasing the blood pressure within that artery
ex. covering hose to reach further

A

vasoconstriction

100
Q
  • low blood pressure
  • pressure in arteries while the ventricles fill up (at rest)
A

diastolic pressure

101
Q
  • high blood pressure
  • when ventricles contract
A

systolic pressure

102
Q

the force blood exerts on the walls of the blood

A

blood pressure

103
Q

amount of blood moved per heart pump

A

stroke volume

104
Q

amount of blood pumped per minute
- measured in mL/min

A

cardiac output

105
Q

condition in which heart rate is elevated beyond normal

A

tachycardia

106
Q
  • atrioventricular node
  • signaled by the SA node
107
Q
  • nerves
  • control the rate of heart beat
  • signals the AV node
A

the SA (sinoatrial node)

108
Q

lead to the veins
- return blood to the heart for pulmonary circulation

109
Q

one cell thick vessels

A

capillaries

110
Q

carry blood away from the heart
- branch into arterioles
- thick elastic walls
- is how we get pulse recordings

111
Q
  • arteries
  • capillaries
  • venules
A

blood vessels

112
Q

directs oxygenated blood

A

systemic circulation

113
Q

blood is moving from the heart to the lungs to the heart

114
Q

movement of blood directly to the heart

A

cardiac/coronary

115
Q
  • cardiac/coronary
  • pulmonary
  • systemic circulation
A

circulation systems

116
Q
  • moves oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body’s cells
  • removes wastes
A

circulation

bio 20 (9 decks)

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