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Science > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a species

A

a group of similar organisms that are able to mate with another to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

what is a community

A

the living part of a biome

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3
Q

what is a biome

A

a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.

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4
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

all of the living organisms that share a region and interact with each other and their non-living

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5
Q

what are the endangerment levels

A

extinct, extirpated, endangered and vulnerable

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6
Q

what is extinct

A

no longer living

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7
Q

what is extirpated

A

extinct in a specific area

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8
Q

what is endangered

A

at risk for extinction

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9
Q

what is vulnerable

A

likely to become endangered

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10
Q

reasons for endangerments

A

habitat loss, genetic and reproductive isolation, urbanization

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11
Q

what is biodiversity

A

different kinds of life/species. The more the better

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12
Q

what are producers

A

organisms that make its own food using the sun

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13
Q

what are consumers

A

an organisms that obtains its energy from consuming other organisms

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14
Q

what are scavengers

A

an animals that feeds on dead organisms

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15
Q

what is detrius

A

wast or debris of any kind

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16
Q

what is biotic

A

living things, their remains, waste and feature

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17
Q

what is abiotic

A

non living thing’s physical and chemical components (temperature, water, soil)

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18
Q

what is an atmosphere

A

a layer of gas that protects the earth

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19
Q

what is a lithosphere

A

the earths rocky outer shell

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20
Q

what is a hydrosphere

A

all water on Earths surface or below earths surface in solid, liquid or gas.

21
Q

what is a biosphere

A

the thin layer of groundwater and lower atmosphere around the earth where life can exist

22
Q

what are the food chain levels (bottom to top)

A

producer, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

23
Q

what is an introduced species

A

an organism that has been introduced into and lives in an ecosystem where it is not usually found

24
Q

what is an invasive species

A

an introduced species that has grown out of control with no natural predators

25
Q

what are exotic species

A

plants or animals that are growing in a. nonnative environment

26
Q

what is an niche

A

the specific role of an organism

27
Q

what does diurnal mean

A

an organism that feeds during the daytime

28
Q

what does nocturnal mean

A

an organism that feeds during the nighttime

29
Q

what does crepuscular mean

A

an organism that feeds at dusk/dawn

30
Q

what is mimicry

A

an organism manipulates the colouration warning system falsely

31
Q

what is mutualism

A

a mutual benefit

32
Q

what is parasitism

A

one species benefits, the “host” is harmed

33
Q

what is commensalism

A

one species benefits, the other is not affected

34
Q

what is a food chain

A

a sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, showing how energy is transferred from one organism to another

35
Q

what is a food web

A

a representation of the feeding relationships within a community

36
Q

what is clear cutting

A

most or all trees in an area are uniformly cut down

37
Q

what is shelter wood cutting

A

multiple cuts but leads to the development of an even-aged forest

38
Q

what is selective cutting

A

cutting down of selected trees in a forest so that growth of other trees is not affected

39
Q

what is acid rain

A

atmospheric pollution that goes into the air, into the water cycle and causes environmental harm, typically to forests and lakes.

40
Q

what is an oil spill

A

when people are careless or an oil tanker leak oil into the ocean or water

41
Q

how does plastic end in the ocean

A

plastic from littering or garbage dumps get blow into the ocean where it effects wild life

42
Q

natural vs synthetic fertilizer

A

a natural one is organic (manure) a synthetic has chemicals in it that increase growth

43
Q

what is organic farming

A

uses ecologically based pest controls and biological fertilizers derived largely from animal and plant wastes

44
Q

how are non target species effected by pesticides

A

the chemicals accidentally effect species that weren’t supposed to be effected by the pesticide

45
Q

what is bioamplification

A

increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of tolerant organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

46
Q

what is natality

A

birth rate

47
Q

what is mortality

A

death rate

48
Q

what is immigration

A

going to a place

49
Q

what is emigration

A

leaving a place

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