Chemistry

Question 1

Who discovered neutral subatomic particles and proposed they were located in the nucleus of the atom?

Answer 1

James Chadwick

Question 2

Who without any scientific evidence, suggested that all matter was composed of combinations of two or more elements; earth, water, fire and air.

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Who discovered the small negatively charged subatomic particle and proposed these were evenly distributed throughout a positively charged sphere and resembled a plum pudding?

Answer 3

J.J Thomson

Question 4

Who without any evidence, suggested that all matter was composed of tiny microscopic particles that were invisible and was the first to call them atoms?

Answer 4

Democritus

Question 5

Arranged the 64 known elements at the time by increasing mass number into a chart where elements with similar properties were aligned into vertical columns?

Answer 5

Demitri Meddleev

Question 6

Proposed that electrons possess a certain amount of energy associated with the orbit they are found in and that each orbit can hold a certain number of electrons

Answer 6

Neil’s Bohr

Question 7

Who repeated the idea that matter was made of atoms and that atoms are never created or destroyed but simply rearranged to form new substances in a chemical reaction

Answer 7

John Dalton

Question 8

Credited with discovering the positively charged subatomic particle found the the center also cord of the atom; performs the gold foil experiments which suggested the atom is composed of a tiny center along core surrounded by mostly empty space in which electrons orbit the nucleus

Answer 8

Ernest Ruthford

Question 9

what’s the charge of a neutron, it’s location, can it move and it’s size?

Answer 9

no charge, in the nucleus, no and 1

Question 10

what’s the charge of a proton, it’s location, can it move and it’s size?

Answer 10

positive, in the nucleus, no and 1

Question 11

what’s the charge of an electron, it’s location, can it move and it’s size?

Answer 11

negative, orbits the nucleus, yes and 1/2000

Question 12

what is an atomic number?

Answer 12

the number of protons in an atom

Question 13

what is a mass number?

Answer 13

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 14

in standard atomic notation what goes on top mass number or atomic number?

Answer 14

mass number

Question 15

What is an isotope?

Answer 15

an isotope is two or more forms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Question 16

What is a radioisotope? Give three types.

Answer 16

a radioisotope is an isotope that has an unstable nucleus which which tends to break apart and release high energy radiation. Alpha, Beta and gamma rays

Question 17

What’s an isotope example, how are they the same, how are they different

Answer 17

1 2 3
H H H
1 1 1 They all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 18

What’s an example of a radioisotope and what does it do?

Answer 18

Carbon-14 is used to date ancient artifacts

Question 19

How do you conduct a flame test?

Answer 19

1. Light the bunsen burned
2. Adjust the barrel for a blue flame
3. place a wooden splint cover in solution into the middle of the flame
4. Abserve the colour of the flame above the splint

Question 20

What colour is Sodium

Answer 20

Yellow

Question 21

What colour is lithium

Answer 21

magenta

Question 22

What colour is magnesium

Answer 22

bright white (it glows)

Question 23

What colour is potassium

Answer 23

peach

Question 24

what colour is calcium

Answer 24

orange

Question 25

what colour is strontium

Answer 25

red

Question 26

what colour is barium

Answer 26

lime green

Question 27

what colour is copper

Answer 27

green

Question 28

when electricity goes through hydrogen why does it release a violet light?

Answer 28

When an atom is energized by heat or light it absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher orbit. this is called the excited state. eventually the electrons fall back to it’s ground state. When this happens it releases extra energy in the form of light.

Question 29

What are everyday things we see lights released from atoms

Answer 29

fireworks, northern lights and colour packets put into fires

Question 30

What is the stable octet rule

Answer 30

when elements want to become stable like noble gases by obtaining a full outer orbit

Question 31

nonmetal elements become stable by.. in order to complete their outer orbit of electrons and will form… ions called..

Answer 31

gaining electrons, negatively- charged, anions

Question 32

metal elements become stable by.. in order to complete their outer orbit of electrons and will form.. ions called..

Answer 32

losing electrons, positively-charged, cations

Question 33

ionic compounds form because of the… between ions of..

Answer 33

attraction, opposite charge

Question 34

molecular compounds form when nonmetal atoms.. pairs of electrons to complete their outer orbit in order to become stable

Answer 34

share

Question 35

name seven elements that form diatomic molecules by sharing pairs of electrons.

Answer 35

HOFBrINCl; hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrate and chlorine

Question 36

what’s a period

Answer 36

a period is the horizontal row on the periodic table

Question 37

what’s a family or group

Answer 37

the vertical row on the periodic table

Question 38

what’s a metalloid. what are three examples

Answer 38

a metalloid are elements along the dividing staircase the possesses both metal and non metal properties. boron, silicon and arsenic

Question 39

chemical group 1, group 2, group 17 and group 18

Answer 39

alkali metals, alkali earth metals, halogens and noble gases

Question 40

five properties of metals

Answer 40

shiny, malleable, conductible, solid (except mercury) and ductile

Question 41

what happens when alkali metals are put in water

Answer 41

they fizz and release hydrogen gas

Question 42

what’s special about potassium

Answer 42

it’s soft

Question 43

how is potassium stored and why?

Answer 43

it is stored in kerosene because it is very reactive with water, the water vapour in the air

Question 44

what are the positive gas tests for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water?

Answer 44

H- burning splint test (whoop)
O- glowing splint test (reignites)
CO2- limewater test (turns cloudy)
H2O- cobalt chloride test (turns paper pink)

Question 45

Gases found in the atmosphere and the percentage

Answer 45

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen less than 1% argon and other gases, 0.03% carbon dioxide

Question 46

how does carbon dioxide effect climate

Answer 46

The carbon keeps the radiation from the sun in the atmosphere heating it in the process.

Question 47

why’s the ozone layer important

Answer 47

the ozone protects us from the sun. without it the sun would be too powerful and we wouldn’t be able to breath or live

Question 48

On a bohr diagram what do you do when it says “an ion of beryllium”

Answer 48

you find the charge on the stable ion and do the opposite

“beryllium is +2 so you -2”

Question 49

what does todays periodic table increase by

Answer 49

it increases by atomic number

Question 50

multiple valences for iron, nickel, copper, in and lead

Answer 50

iron- 3,2
nickel- 3,2
copper- 2,1
tin- 4,2
lead- 4,2