Ecology Flashcards
What’s an individual?
An individual organism that makes up a species
Whats a population?
The individual organisms from one species
What is a community?
Multiple populations
What is a marine ecosystem?
A water based ecosystem
Explain the competition between plants and animals.
Plants compete for mineral ions and water while animal compete for mates, territory and food
What may species rely on other things for
shelter
transfer of pollen
other species for food
seed dispersal
Explain the carbon cycle
The carbon is taken in by plants for photosynthesis (consumers), animals who consume the plants gain the carbon properties release it in the atmosphere through respiration of the cells, when animals and plants die their decomposing bodies releases CO2
Explain the water cycle.
water from rivers and oceans evaporates, once is condenses in the atmosphere the water turns into either rain or snow. The rain or snow will become water flowing off land or ground water which is taken in by plants for photosynthesis or is formed into rivers which connects to the ocean.
Whats biodiversity
the amount of species in a given space
Explain the types of pollution on land, air and water
Land- toxic waste and landfills damaging soil and not letting wildlife grow in certain areas
Air- carbon dioxide produced by farming industries, cars and smoke being put in the air by factories and petroleum fueled vehicles
Water- water is being polluted with toxic waste, they are being filled with rubbish and waste, especially in less developed countries
what is acid rain made from
sulfur dioxide
Why do you place multiple quadrats?
because the area you place it in is random, the probability that you get accurate results are higher when you do it multiple times
What are transects used for and how would they be used?
They are placed to see how numbers of organisms change across habitats. You place multiple quadrats across the transect at a set distance and count the organisms in each quadrat, you would place many to ensure valid results
Required Practical 9. , Sampling Organisms. P1
The total area is measured e.g 20mX20m. Three students are needed, one student picks a number from 1-20 and goes to that point on the y axis, the other student also picks a random number from a bag and goes to that point on the x axis, the third student goes to where the two points meet and places a quadrat there, this is repeated 10x to ensure accuracy anf then the formula, total area divided by area sampled x counted population size= total population size.
Required Practical 9. , Sampling Organisms. P2
Changes in environment/ a factor that changes the amount of organisms.
You place a transect line across the point of the habitat and the sampled area, you then place a quadrat ever 1m across the line and count the amount of organisms in each quadrat.
