(Ecology 02) Ecology/Biology review (does not include ALL definitions from 01)

Question 1

What are the four spheres?

Answer 1

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

Question 2

What is an atmosphere?

Answer 2

(land) A mixture of gases that surround the earth, These gases help us live by providing air, protecting us from sun rays, etc.

Question 3

What is a hydrosphere?

Answer 3

(water) The water on the planet. This includes weather patterns, ocean currents, etc.

Question 4

What is a lithosphere?

Answer 4

(land) The outer layer made of crust, the mantle, and liquid.

Question 5

What is a biosphere?

Answer 5

Living things on the planet.

Question 6

What order does the trophic pyramid go by?

Answer 6

Producer
Primary consumers (herbivores)
Secondary consumers (Carnivores)
Tertiary consumers (top carnivores)

Question 7

What is a trophic pyramid?

Answer 7

the basic structure of interaction in all biological communities.

Question 8

How is energy transferred through an ecosystem?
where does it start? Where does it end up?

Answer 8

between organisms in food webs from producers to consumers.

Question 9

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 9

the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules.

Question 10

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 11

What organisms can do photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Plants, algae, and a group of bacteria called cyanobacteria are the only organisms capable of performing photosynthesis.

Question 12

What organisms can do cellular respiration?

Answer 12

Plants, animals, fungi, protists, and even many bacteria.

Question 13

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 13

describes how carbon moves between the atmosphere, soils, living creatures, the ocean, and human sources.

Question 14

What is in carbon pools?

Answer 14

atmosphere, soil, producers, herbivores, carnivores.

Question 15

What are the processes in the carbon cycle?

Answer 15

photosynthesis, cellular respiration, eating, death, defecation

Question 16

What is the water cycle?

Answer 16

The water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere.

Question 17

What are part of water pools?

Answer 17

ground, atmosphere, bodies of water.

Question 18

What are the processes in the water cycle?

Answer 18

condensation, precipitation, evaporation, accumulation

Question 19

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 19

Bioaccumulation is a process of accumulation of chemicals in an organism.

Question 20

What is biomagnification?

Answer 20

the concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting other plants or animals. These toxins widely disperse.

Question 21

Why is it important to know whether a toxin is water- or fat-soluble?

Answer 21

Solubility refers to whether the chemical dissolves in certain solvents, such as water or fat.
Fat-soluble (lipid-soluble) toxins are more dangerous because they can accumulate in fatty tissues.
Water-soluble toxins could be more easily flushed out of the body.

Question 22

Biomes vs. ecosystems

Answer 22

Biomes are large areas with distinct climate and vegetation.

Ecosystems are small areas with living things that interact with one another.

Question 23

What is a sustainable ecosystem?

Answer 23

A biological environment and a network of habitats that can survive and support themselves without the need for outside help or intervention.

Question 24

relationships between sustainability and biodiversity

Answer 24

Biodiversity supports healthy ecosystems, which provide essential services like clean air, water, and food.

Sustainability involves practices that protect these ecosystems and their diverse species.

Question 25

What is carrying capacity?

Answer 25

The maximum population that a given area can sustain.

Question 26

What are 6 general trends that indicate climate change?

Answer 26

Sea levels
Global surface temperature
Water temperature
Sea ice levels
Land ice levels
Carbon dioxide concentrations

Question 27

How are these trends impacting the climate and the future?

Answer 27

Sea levels: Rising sea levels lead to coastal flooding and erosion, causing saltwater intrusion into freshwater sources.

Global surface temperature: Increased global temperatures result in more frequent heatwaves and extreme weather events, disrupting ecosystems and agriculture and contributing to ice melt.

Water temperature: Warmer ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching and disrupt marine food webs, impacting fish populations and coastal livelihoods.

Sea ice levels: Declining sea ice reduces habitats for Arctic species and alters ocean circulation, affecting global weather patterns and contributing to further warming.

Land ice levels: Melting glaciers and ice sheets contribute to sea level rise and reduce freshwater availability, while potentially releasing stored greenhouse gases.

Carbon dioxide concentrations: Higher CO2 levels drive global warming and ocean acidification, intensifying the greenhouse effect and exacerbating climate change impacts worldwide.

Question 28

Greater biodiversity is greater _

Answer 28

-Sustainability.

Question 28

Human threats to biodiversity (HIPPO - C)

Answer 28

Habitat Loss
Invasive species
Pollution
Population
Overconsumption

Climate change

Question 29

Growth rate is specifically affected by:

Answer 29

-Births
-Deaths
-Coming and Going - Immigration, Emigration

Question 30

Factors limiting or changing growth rate are:

Answer 30

-Disease
-Competition - Intra (within a species) and Inter (species vs species) specific
-Parasites
-Food
-supply
-Toxic Waste - pollution
-Abiotic Factors - change in shade, light, sediment, water availability, temperature
-Human Factors - Hunting, fishing, logging, etc.

Question 31

Characteristics of life:

Answer 31

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 32

What is an ecological niche?

Answer 32

The role an organism performs in an ecosystem; includes what it feeds on, what eats it and how it behaves.

Question 33

How much energy is lost in a trophic pyramid? How?

Answer 33

90%!

energy can be lost by :

-heat (released during respiration) movement
-the animal dies too soon for its power to be passed on
-materials that the consumer does not digest

Food chains that contain more organisms have less energy available to the top consumer.
The wider the base of the pyramid, the more energy the producers provide to the consumer.

Question 34

Things biologists study from smallest to largest.

Answer 34

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System

WHAT ECOLOGISTS STUDY AS WELL

Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

Question 35

What is symbiotic relationships?

Answer 35

The relationship between two or more different biological species.

Question 36

What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?

Answer 36

Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism

Question 37

What is parasitism?

Answer 37

The relationship between different species Where one benefits from the other organism by causing harm to it.

This could be internal or external.

Ex. Tapeworms, fleas, etc.

Question 38

What is commensalism?

Answer 38

A relationship where one organism benefits from the other organism without benefiting or harming it.

Question 39

What is mutualism?

Answer 39

A relationship where both organisms benefit from each other.

Question 40

true or false:

The concentrations of toxins in an organism widely disperse due to biomagnification.

Answer 40

True.

Question 41

Biomagnification vs. Bioaccumulation

Answer 41

Bioaccumulation is the process of the toxin being accumulated in an organism, whereas biomagnification is basically how those toxins are being transferred from one organism to another, but double the amount.