(Chemistry) Families of Periodic Table and Bohr Diagrams Flashcards
What are the 3 large groups of the periodic table?
Metals
Non-metals
Metalloids (Semi-metal)
What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
Periods or series.
Elements in the same period have the same __________
number of energy levels/electron shells.
What are vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups or families.
Group 1 is…
Alkali Metals
The common physical properties of group 1 are…
-Solids
-Shiny, silvery colour
-Soft metals
The common chemical properties of group 1 are…
-Extremely reactive
-Reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas
-Found in nature only as compounds.
- + ion forms when one electron is lost.
Elements found in group 1 are… (Hint: there are 6)
Lithium (Li)
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
Rubidium (Rb)
Cesium (Cs)
Francium (Fr)
Group 2 is…
Alkaline Earth Metals
The common physical properties of group 2 are…
-Solids
-Metals
-Higher density than group 1 (Alkali Metals)
The common chemical properties of group 2 are…
-Very reactive
-Found in nature only in compounds
- +2 ions form when 2 electrons are lost.
Elements found in group 2 are.. (Hint: there are 6)
Beryllium (Be)
Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (Ca)
Strontium (Sr)
Barium (Ba)
Radium (Ra)
Groups 7 is..
Halogens
The common physical properties of group 7 are..
-Non metals
The common chemical properties of group 7 are..
-Extremely reactive
-Very corrosive
-Found in nature as compounds only
-Gaining 1 electron results in -1 ion forming
Elements found in group 7 are.. (Hint: there are 5)
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
Groups 8 is..
Noble gases
The common physical properties of group 8 are..
-Non-metals
-Gases at room temperature
-Odourless
-Colourless
-Tasteless
-Stable electron structure
The common chemical properties of group 8 are..
-Very stable
-Unreactive because of full outer shell electrons
-Almost never combine with other chemicals
-Do not gain/lose electrons
Elements in group 8 are.. (Hint: there are 6)
-Helium (He)
-Argon (Ar)
-Neon (Ne)
-Kyrpton (Kr)
-Xenon (Xe)
What are some other groups?
-Transition metals
-Lanthanides
-Actinides
How many elements are naturally occurring?
1-92
How many elements are man made?
93-102
Which element is a misfit?
Hydrogen.
How does each element in group 7 (Halogens) look?
Fluorine - Yellow gas
Chlorine - Yellow-green gas
Bromine - Red-brown liquid
Iodine - Violet/black solid
Astatine - Radioactive
Why do we place one electron at each spot on a Lewis Dot Diagram?
Electrons have negative charges, which means they repel. We have to place one electron at each spot before they pair up.
How do you get neutrons?
Neutrons is = Mass number - Atomic number
Protons are = the same as the atomic number.
What is a BR diagram?
Bohr diagrams show electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom somewhat like planets orbit around the sun.
What is a Lewis Dot diagram?
a representation of the valence electrons of an atom.
What is the full name of the BR diagram?
Bohr-Rutherford diagram.
What is the maximum capacity for each shell in the BR diagram? (four shells).
First shell: 2
Second shell: 8
Third shell: 18
Fourth shell: 32
What is an atomic nucleus?
A nucleus is the dense central core of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.
The number of __ are equal to the number of __.
The number of protons are equal to the number of electrons.
