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History & Geography (Grade 7, Core) > Ecolgy Unit > Flashcards

Ecolgy Unit Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 1 major climate zone:

A
  • Temperate
  • Polar
  • Tropical
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2
Q

Name all Climate Zones:

A

Temperate, Polar and Tropical

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3
Q

Which Climate Zone have Coniferous Forests?

A

Temperate

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4
Q

Name 1 other word for Coniferous

A

Boreal

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5
Q

Give examples of Precipitation:

A
  • Rain
  • Snow
  • Sleet
  • Hail
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6
Q

What advantages does snow have for plants and animals in coniferous forests?

A

It acts as an isolated blanket to keep warm

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7
Q

How do forest fires pollute the air?

A

It creates too much Carbon Dioxide, trapping the Suns heat.

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8
Q

When did Conifers begin to evolve?

A

250 000 000 years ago

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9
Q

Why are Coniferous Trees called Evergreens?

A

Because they don’t lose their green all at once

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10
Q

What is one way Conifers get and keep water?

A

They have a waxy residue on their leaves and they absorb moisture

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11
Q

Why are Conifers triangular in shape?

A

So snow could fall off easily

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12
Q

Why do Coniferous trees grow close together in stands or groups?

A

It allows them to protect against the wind

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13
Q

What does the Pitcher Plant “Eat”?

A

Meat, they’re carnivorous

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14
Q

How long do Lichens often live for?

A

Hundreds of years

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15
Q

Give examples of animal species that live Coniferous Forests:

A
  • Moose
  • Bears
  • Owls
  • Wolves
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16
Q

What do wolf pack members do when others go to hunt?

A

They howl

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17
Q

What do Moose feed on?

A

Tree shules and lots of vegetation

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18
Q

Why have the Northernmost Coniferous forests been spared from logging?

A

They’re so remote and cold

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19
Q

What is an old growth forest?

A

A forest that hasn’t been bothered by humans

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20
Q

Name one way you can reduce forest destruction

A

Recycle products made by trees

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21
Q

What makes a forest Deciduous?

A

Most of the trees’ leaves fall off and grow back every year

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22
Q

Name one place where Temperate Deciduous forests are found

A

Mainly in eastern North America

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23
Q

What is the average rainfall in temperate deciduous forests?

A

80-200cm of rainfall

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24
Q

How do we find out how old trees are?

A

Measure the rings in the cross-section of trees that are cut down

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25
Q

What is the substance that gives leaves their green colour?

A

Chlorophyll

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26
Q

What is the highest level of deciduous forest called?

A

The Emergant

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27
Q

Name 2 trees that make up the canopy in the temperate deciduous forest:

A

Maple, Oaks, Birch, etc

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28
Q

What is the shady part of the forest where small trees, shrubs, and bushes grow called?

A

The Understory

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29
Q

Name 2 things migratory birds do “up north” during the summer months?

A

Dying, Breeding, and raising their young

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30
Q

Name 2 Decomposers that help break down leaf matter on the forest floor:

A
  • Earthworms
  • Insects
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
31
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

It’s an animal that eats vegetation and meat

32
Q

What animals are becoming more numerous now?

A
  • Wild Turkeys

* Boars

33
Q

Where is the world’s tropical zone?

A

Nearest to the Equator

34
Q

Name 2 places where tropical deciduous forests are found:

A
  • Central America

* Southern America

35
Q

What is the soil like in tropical deciduous forests?

A

It’s very poor soil

36
Q

What is bamboo? How high can it grow?

A

It’s grass, and it can grow 30m high

37
Q

Where does the world’s largest dragon live?

A

Indonesia

38
Q

How can you help make forests near you a better home for animals?

A

Participate in Local cleanup efforts

39
Q

In case you run into wildlife, what should you bring on a hike?

A

Take a camera

40
Q

Three Facts about the Boreal Forest:

A

1: Animal Species include: Caribou, Lynx, Wolverine, Black Bear, etc….
2: Dominant tree species include: White and Black Spruce, Jack Pine, Tamarack, etc….
3: Water bodies include: bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers, and wetlands

41
Q

Logging is slowly consuming vast sections of the forest:

A
  • Percent of Boreal forest that has been allocated to industry: more than 30% (To be cut down)
  • Percent of logging in Canada’s boreal forest that is clear cutting: 90% mostly for the production of pulp and paper
42
Q

Hydropower and mining effects:

A
  • Changes in stream-flow patterns, flooded large areas and production of toxic substances: (Methyl-Mercury)
  • Acidic effluent radioactive by-products, and emissions from processing plants
43
Q

The effects of Oil and Gas exploration:

A

*Roads, pipelines, seismic lines and open pit mines can distribute and displace many wildlife species

44
Q

Amazonia is?

A
  • Name given to the basin of the Amazon River, NOT A COUNTRY
  • It includes 6 countries
  • The Equator crosses Amazonia
45
Q

Interesting fact of the Amazon Rainforest:

A

The Amazon delivers SO MUCH water to the ocean that the remains are fresh for about 100km from its mouth

46
Q

Vegetation in the Amazon Rainforest:

A
  • Selva: Dense Equatorial rainforest. Giant trees, floor of the forest is fairly dark
  • Air Plants: Grow in the canopy–High above the ground–, roots drop through the air to the ground
  • Lianas: THICK vines drop through the air to the ground
47
Q

Climate of the Amazon Rainforest:

A
  • Close to the equator=day/night almost equal; 6am - 6pm
  • Dry season: rains everyday, usually in the afternoon
  • Wet season: rains ALL DAY, everyday
48
Q

Economic Development:

A
  • Poor brasilians seek better living conditions

* Large international debt: Brazil needs to develop their resource rich land

49
Q

Road Construction = Deforestation

A
  • Settlers and squatters attracted to free land
  • Ranchers make pastures for cattle
  • Logging companies clear cut for mahogany (Valuable hardwood)
  • Mining companies found iron ore cleared big patches
  • Hydroelectricity dams, reservoirs drown forests
50
Q

Local Effects:

A

+Improved living standards for Brasilians
+Resources being exploited
-Soil ruined once trees removed
-Increased erosion and flooding
-Less trees = less humidity = less rainfall

51
Q

Global Effects:

A
  • Reduced oxygen, increased carbon dioxide (Increased Global Warming)
  • Animals, birds, and insects face extinction
  • Medicinal plants lost
52
Q

Ecologists vision:

A

Concerned with forest preservation and biodiversity

53
Q

Logging Companies’ visions:

A

Want to harvest timber and sell it

54
Q

Local Population and Indigenous Peoples’ visions:

A

Want economic benefits but also access to hunting, permanent supply of drinking water

55
Q

Farmers’ Visions’:

A

Want to clear forests for farms to make more money

56
Q

Politicians’ Visions’

A

Want to create jobs, government revenue, help the poor become self-sufficient

57
Q

International Community’s vision:

A

Want to conserve world heritage, preserve forests, and want economic growth

58
Q

What do Cones contain?

A

Seeds

59
Q

Canada’s boreal region stretches __________.

A

Canada’s boreal region stretches 10 000 continuous kilometres across the country

59
Q

Its size _________.

A

Its size rivals that of the Amazon Rainforest!

59
Q

Canada’s forests is?

A
  • One of the world’s greatest remaining remaining forests
  • Provides an important haven for the many creatures
  • Mostly made up of Coniferous trees through Deciduous trees, such as poplar and birch
  • One of the world’s largest carbon reservoirs
  • The boreal range is also home to hundreds of First Nation communities that rely on the forest’s resources
60
Q

Percent of land in Canada covered by Boreal forest:

A

53%

61
Q

Percent of the world’s Boreal forests within Canada’s borders:

A

25%

62
Q

Litres of water absorbed and filtered every day:

A

Several million

63
Q

Percent of the world’s unfrozen fresh water supply:

A

80%

64
Q

Number of indigenous communities:

A

More than 500

65
Q

Number of lakes in the Boreal forests:

A

1.5 million

66
Q

Percent of Canada’s bird population that can be found:

A

60%

67
Q

Total number of birds breeding in the Boreal forests:

A

Up to 5 billion

68
Q

Animal species in the boreal forest include:

A

*Caribou, Lynx, Wolverine, Black Bear, Moose, Timber Wolf, Wood Bison, etc

69
Q

Dominant tree species in Boreal forests are:

A
  • White and Black Spruce
  • Jack Pine
  • Tamarack
  • Balsam Fir
  • Balsam Poplar
  • White Birch
70
Q

Water bodies in boreal forests include:

A

Fens, Marshes, Shallow Lakes, Rivers, and Wetlands

71
Q

What is the vegetation in boreal forests?

A

Tundra

History & Geography (Grade 7, Core) (13 decks)

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