ECM 1413 IPv6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Internet of Things (IoT)

A

Network of physical objects - “things” - for connecting and exchanging data over the internet

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2
Q

IPv4 exhaustion

A
  • ARIN’s (American Registry for Internet Numbers) free pool of IPv4 address space was depleted on september 2015
  • RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre) announced running of IPv4 addresses on November 2019
  • LCNIC have their last available IPv4 address block reserved on August 2020
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3
Q

Conserving IP addresses

A
  • CIDR - classless addressing
  • Public and private Ips
  • Network Address Translation (NAT)

The host’s ip changes according to the NAT at the router, allowing it to communicate with the server

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4
Q

IPv6 Features

A
  • Large address space
  • Simplified header
  • Built-in security
  • Jumbograms
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5
Q

How large is an IPv6 address

A

IPv6 addresses consist of 128 bits, meaning that the IPv6 address space allows for approximately 250 addresses for every star in the known universe. It can represent 2^128 addresses

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6
Q

IPv6 address abbreviation

A

Discard leading 0s
Shrink down to a single 0
Double Colon (::) for Consecutive :0:s - Done once

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7
Q

IPv6 Address Structure

A

Site prefix : Subnet ID : Interface ID

Site prefix and subnet ID make up the network prefix
Interface ID, also known as the token, makes up the Host Suffix

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8
Q

Site prefix

A

48 bits
allocated by an ISP or RIR

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9
Q

Subnet ID

A

16 bits
the private/site topology; allocated by site admin

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10
Q

Interface ID

A

automatically or manually configured

aka the token

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11
Q

EUI - 64 (extended unique identifier 64)

A

a special address format that maps device hardware network addresses into IPv6 addresses

EUI-64 automatically generates a unique 64-bit interface ID

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12
Q

Random and Temporary Interface Identifiers

A

EUI-64 is no longer recommended due to issues with privacy.
Instead, we use random and temporary interface identifiers

A randomly generated interface identifier is regenerated after a specified time interval.

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13
Q

Jumbograms

A

IPv4/IPv6 allows for internet layer packets with a size of up to 2^16/2^32 bytes
Using jumbograms in situations where the risk of transmission failure is low can reduce communication overhead

A jumbogram is an internet-layer packet exceeding the standard maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the underlying network technology. In contrast, large packets for link-layer technologies are referred to as jumbo frames.

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