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BIO422 Finals > Echinodermata > Flashcards

Echinodermata Flashcards

1
Q

phylum echinodermata

A
  • external spine or protuberances
  • mostly marine
  • calcareous endoskeleton consisting of plates or scattered ossicles
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2
Q

class of sea stars

A

class asteroidea

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3
Q

found along shorelines, may aggregate on rocks

A

sea stars

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4
Q

some live on muddy or sandy bottoms and along coral reefs, about 1,500 living species, variable colors and structural features

A

sea stars

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5
Q

class of brittle stars

A

class ophiuroidea

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6
Q

largest of the major group, 2,000 extant species, marine, are slender and distinct from the central disc

A

brittle stars

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7
Q

class of sea urchins

A

class echinoidea

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8
Q

950 species, endoskeletal test, lack arms but their tests show five-part symmetry with five ambulacral areas that are visible spiky bands

A

sea urchins

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9
Q

notable modification from ancestral body plan of sea urchins

A

having tube feet on the oral surface

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10
Q

have hemispherical shape with radial symmetry and variable length spines

A

regular sea urchins

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11
Q

examples of irregular sea urchins

A

sand dollars and heart urchins

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12
Q

bilateral with short spines

A

irregular sea urchins

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13
Q

has aristotle’s lantern

A

sea urchins

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14
Q

class of sea cucumbers

A

class holothuroidea

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15
Q

structurally strange and physiologically odd, 1,150 species, greatly elongated in the oral-aboral axis, ossicles are reduces, some species crawl on the ocean bottom, others are found under rocks or burrows

A

sea cucumbers

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16
Q

purpose of water-vascular system

A

powers a multitude of tiny tube feet used for locomotion and food gathering

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17
Q

uniqueness of echinoderms

A
  • lack a definitive head
  • nervous system and sense organs are poorly developed
  • locomotion is slow
  • lack segmentation
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18
Q

what is pentaradial symmetry

A

body parts are always arranged radially in five or multiples of five

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19
Q

T or F: pentaradial symmetry is secondarily acquired

A

true; their larvae are unmistakably bilaterally symmetrical

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20
Q

prima donnas of echinoderms

A

sea stars

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21
Q

parts of water-vascular system of sea stars

A

tube feet and ampullae

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22
Q

epidermis of sea stars: ciliated or not

A

ciliated

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23
Q

small fingerlike bulges in the epidermis of sea stars

A

skin gills or dermal branchiae

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24
Q

concerned with gaseous exchange in sea stars

A

papulae

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25
calcareous, two-jawed pincers are modified spines concerned with capturing tiny prey and protecting the dermal branchiae from collecting sediment and small parasites
pedicellariae
26
aboral surface of sea stars
madreporite plate
27
what is the madreporite plate composed of
calcium carbonate
28
purpose of madreporite plate
allows seawater to seep into an intricate water-vascular system which provides the means for locomotion
29
arms on each side of the madreporite
bivium
30
other three arms of the madreporite
trivium
31
located at the tip of each arm of sea stars
eyespot
32
oral surface of sea stars
ambulacral groove
33
what does the ambulacral groove contain in sea stars
rows of tube feet (podia)
34
borders the groove and are movable and can interlock when the roove is contracted to protect the tube feet
ambulacral spines
35
other purpose of tube feet
opening of bivalves for food
36
everted through the mouth during feeding, secretes digestive enzymes over prey
cardiac stomach
37
partly digested food is passed by the pyloric duct to pyloric ceca where digestion is completed
pyloric stomach
38
enzyme production and final digestion and absorption
pyloric ceca
39
believed to salvage nutrients from intestine, preventing loss through anus
rectal ceca
40
surrounds the mouth of sea stars
peristomial membrane
41
echinoderms are the first invertebrates to have what
mesodermal endoskeleton
42
bathes the visceral organs of sea stars
coelomic fluid
43
prevents too much eversion of the stomach
gastric ligaments
44
sea stars: monoecious or dioecious
dioecious (sexes are separate)
45
sea stars: internal or external fertilization
external fertilization
46
nervous system of sea stars consist of how many interrelated systems
three
47
whitish thickening on the outer margin of membrane
nerve ring
48
sense organs of sea stars
chemoreceptors and cells sensitive to touch
49
consists of a number of light-sensitive ocelli
eyespot
50
system found only in echinoderms
water-vascular system
51
tube feet have _____ muscles; ampullae have _____ muscles
longitudinal muscles; circular muscles
52
most agile of echinoderms and most abundant
brittle stars
53
oral surface of brittle stars
oral shields or buccal shields
54
oval plates located on the interradial area between the rays
oral shields or buccal shields
55
madreporite plate of brittle stars
slightly modified with tiny pores connecting with a madreporite canal inside
56
a pair of grooves distal to the oral shields and close to each arm in brittle stars
bursae
57
water circulates in and out of these sacs for exchange of gases, and the gonads discharge their products into them
bursae
58
locomotion of brittle stars
walk by twisting, highly flexible arm movements
59
feeding of brittle stars
are either active predators or selective deposit feeders
60
digestive system of brittle stars compared to sea stars
digestive system is much more reduced
61
digestive system of brittle stars
the mouth leads by a short esophagus to a stomach, the site of digestion and absorption
62
five converging teeth, controlled by muscles and held in a complex structure
aristotle's lantern
63
locomotion of sea urchins
uses its spines and tube feet
64
tiny modified spines of echinoids believed to be organs of equilibrium
sphaeridia
65
epidermis of sea urchins
ciliated
66
composition of test of sea urchins
calcareous plates (ossicles)
67
location of the madreporite plate of sea urchins
aboral surface
68
the three ambulacra with the side applied to the substratum
sole
69
attached to the cloaca that serves as both respiratory and excretory organs
respiratory trees
70
water-vascular system of sea cucumbers
peculiar in that the madreporite lies free in the coelom
71
sea cucumbers: monoecious or dioecious
dioecious (but some are hermaphroditic)
72
sea cucumbers: internal or external fertilization
external fertilization
73
free-swimming larvae of sea cucumbers
auricularia
74
tube feet of sea stars
present with suckers
75
tube feet of brittle stars
present without suckers
76
tube feet of sea urchins
present with suckers
77
tube feet of sea cucumbers
present with suckers
78
spines of sea stars
present
79
spines of brittle stars
present
80
spines of sea urchins
present
81
spines of sea cucumbers
absent
82
respiration of sea stars
papulae
83
respiration of brittle stars
bursae
84
respiration of sea urchins
tube feet
85
respiration of sea cucumbers
respiratory feet
86
madreporite location of sea stars
aboral
87
madreporite location of brittle stars
oral
88
madreporite location of sea urchins
aboral
89
madreporite location of sea cucumbers
internal
90
feeding behaviors of sea stars
carnivores
91
feeding behavior of brittle stars
omnivores
92
feeding behavior of sea urchins
omnivores
93
feeding behavior of sea cucumbers
omnivores

BIO422 Finals (4 decks)

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