ECGs

Question 1

ECG features of hyperkalaemia:

Answer 1

Tall tented t waves
Flattened p waves
Prolonged PR interval due to AV block
Widened QRS

Question 2

Management of hyperkalaemia:

Answer 2

Calcium gluconate
IV insulin and dextrose
Salbutamol nebs

Calcium resonium to bind and excrete

Dialysis for refractory

Question 3

Causes of hyperkalaemia:

Answer 3

Impaired excretion:
AKI, CKD, diuretics, hypoaldosteronism, Addison’s disease

Increased release: tumour lysis syndrome, trauma, haemolysis, DKA, rhabdomyolysis, insulin deficiency

Drugs:
K+ sparing diuretics e.g. spironolactone, NSAIDs, digoxin toxicity, BB