22.02.24

Question 1

Triad of NPH:

Answer 1

Gait disturbance / pyramidal leg weakness
Urinary incontinence
Dementia

Question 2

Physiology of NPH:

Answer 2

CSF flow has been impeded but compensatory mechanisms prevent raised pressure - enlarged lateral ventricles exert local pressure on certain brain areas to give the classical picture.

Dx by LP to demonstrate normal opening pressure, and CT/MRI to show enlarged ventricles.
Treatment is with ventriculo-peritoneal shunting.

Question 3

Definition of dementia:

Answer 3

Dementia is a state of cognitive decline and deficiency, with global impairment of memory, personality and intellect without alteration of consciousness.