Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBChB4 > 21.0.24 > Flashcards

21.0.24 Flashcards

1
Q

Features of cold AIHA:

A

Lymphoma is a risk factor, and mycoplasma and EBV
Raynauds phenomenon
Symptoms worse in cold
Macrocytic anaemia, macrocytosis due to reticulocytosis to compensate for haemolysis

IgM antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Leukaemia cause of warm AIHA?

A

CLL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mechanisms of anaemia in CKD:

A

Reduced EPO production

Reduced iron absorption

Reduced rbc lifespan e.g. haemodialysis

Reduced erythropoiesis due to uraemic toxicity on bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of cells are seen on blood film in myelofibrosis?

A

Teardrop poikilocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of cells are associated with HS and immune-mediated haemolytic anaemias?

A

Spherocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of cells are associated with haemolytic anaemia?

A

Shistocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What conditions present with a positive direct Coomb’s test?

A

Acquired, immune causes:
AIHA
Mycoplasma infection
Transfusion reaction
HDN
Methyldopa
Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mechanism of anaemia in HL:

A

AIHA, coombs positive

Hypersplenism

Bone marrow replacement by HL

Normocytic usually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of warm vs cold AIHA:

A

Warm:
Idiopathic
SLE/AI disease
Lymhpoma
CLL
Methyldopa

Cold:
lymphoma
mycoplasma
EBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mnemonic for asthma treatment:

A

O SHIT ME

Oxygen

Salbutamol o2 nebs
Hydrocortisone IV/ Pred oral
Ipratropium bromide nebs
Theophylline - aminophylline infusion

Mag sulphate
Escalation e.g. intubation, ITU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 investigations in MS:

A

MRI Brain and Spine with gadolinium contrast (disseminated in time and space and demyelination)

LP with oligoclonal bands

Visual evoked potentials (slowed conduction of nerve signals in the optic nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Delirium definition:

A

Acute fluctuating altered level of consciousness with inattention and disorganised thinking.

Causes include PINCH ME:
Pain
Infection
Nutrition
Constipation
Hydration

Medication
Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of delirium:

A

Treat underlying cause

Orientate patient

Review medications

Ensure adequate fluid balance

Haloperidol / risperidone / benzos as last resort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common organism in lactational mastitis / abscess?

A

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Investigation and management of a breast abscess:

A

US to visualise abscess and guide drainage procedure

Needle aspiration, for culture and drainage

Incision and drainage or needle aspiration under US

PO or IV abx depending on severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When to treat carotid stenosis?

A

> 50% or >70%

Carotid endarterectomy

17
Q

Most haemorrhoids can be managed conservatively. Outline 3 aspects of conservative management:

A

Lifestyle advice including increasing daily fibre and fluid intake, and weight loss.

Laxatives

Topical analgesia e.g. lignocaine gel (avoid oral opioids)

18
Q

Surgical management of haemorrhoids by degree of severity:

A

1+2 = rubber band ligation

2+3 = haemorrhoidal artery ligation

3+4 = haemorroidectomy

19
Q

Treatment of lactational mastitis:

A
  1. continue breastfeeding
  2. analgesia and warm compresses
  3. If symptoms don’t improve after 12-24 hours of effectve milkd removal treat with oral fluclox.

Other indications for abx are systemically unwell, nipple fissure present and culture indicates infection.

Continue feeding during abx.

20
Q

Most common cause of serous or bloody nipple discharge:

A

Intraductal papilloma

Benign tumour of the ductal epithelium, creates a central mass.

Manage with lactiferous duct excision (microdochectomy)

21
Q

What is involved in a Hartmann’s procedure?

A

Emergency laparotomy e.g. bowel obstruction or perf.

Complete resection of the recto-sigmoid colon.
End colostomy and closure of rectal stump.

22
Q

Definition of syncope

A

a TLOC due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion that is characterised by rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous complete recovery

Can be split into reflex, orthostatic intolerance and cardiac

23
Q

5 frailty syndromes:

A

Instability
Intellectual impairment
Incontinence
Immobility
Iatrogenic

24
Q

4 assessments of frailty:

A

Rockwoods Frailty Index
Rockwood Clinical Frailty scale
Timed up and go test
Walking speed

MBChB4 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions