[ECG made easy][P, QRS, T wave abnormalities] Flashcards
right atrial hypertrophy (e.g. tricuspid stenosis)
Pulmonary hypertension
Left atrial hypertrophy (mitral stenosis)
right ventricular - V1
25
1mm across
2mm deep
hypertrophy of the ventricles
Height of R is greater than depth of S
deep S wave
Right ventricular hypertrophy
sinus tachycardia
[P/QRS/T]: when do Q waves not indicate the septal depolarisation but represent an ‘electrical window’ into the cavity of the ventricle (which are depolarised from the inside outwards)
Greater than 1mm in width or 2mm deep
this represents a myocardial infarction
V2-V4 (maybe V5)
VL, I, V5/V6
III
VF
dominant R wave in V1 (less opposing force of LV depolarisation due to infarction)
no - it is permanent once developed
- shows previous MI!
Yes
Anterior, inferior
pericarditis is not usually a localised affair. ST elevation would be seen across most leads
downwards sloping ST
ST depression
ischaemia as opposed to infarction
Normality (VR, V1,) ichaemia ventricular hypertrophy Bundle branch block Digoxin treatment
[P/QRS/T]: where might you see ‘biphasic’ T waves
leads adjacent to those showing inverted T waves
yes
ST elevation
ST elevation (first)
Q wave abnormal
T waves become inverted
There will be no abnormal Q wave (no electrical window)
But there will still be inverted T waves.
a STEMI causes full thickness infarction
an NSTEMI causes partial thickness infarction
non-Q wave infarction
subendocardial infarction
V1, V2, VR
V3
RV = T wave inversion seen in V3 (white person) LV = T wave inversion seen in I, II, VL, V5, V6
abnormal depolarisation = abnormal depolarisation
[P/QRS/T]: with what drug would you see the ‘reversed tick’ - on the inverted T waves
Digoxin
perform an ECG prior to administering digoxin to prevent later confusion
sodium
K +
Mg 2+
Ca 2+
T wave
QT interval
T wave flattening U wave (hump on the end of the T wave)
Tall tented T waves
no ST segment
Widened QRS?
High level shorten QT interval
Low levels prolong QT interval
