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CARDIOLOGY > [ECG made easy][ECG 1st principles] > Flashcards

[ECG made easy][ECG 1st principles] Flashcards

1
Q
A

I, II, III, VR, VL, VF

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2
Q
A

V1-V6

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3
Q
A

Right leg lead

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4
Q
A

VL
I
II

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5
Q
A

VF

III

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6
Q
A

VR

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7
Q
A

Right ventricle

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8
Q
A

septum

anterior wall of left ventricle

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9
Q
A

Anterior wall of left ventricle

Lateral wall of left ventricle

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10
Q
A

Whichever shows the P wave most clearly (usually II)

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11
Q
A

Depolarisation towards a lead

so in V5+V6 ventricular depolarisation causes just o positive deflection. No classic ‘R’ deflection

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12
Q
A

towards

and vice versa - if the R and S waves are of equal size = depolarisation at right angles to the lead

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13
Q
A

The depolarisation wave spreads from 11 to 5 o’clock

i.e. away from VR and towards II as seen from the front

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14
Q
A

Cardiac axis

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15
Q
A

I
II (will have the biggest +ve deflection in normal axis)
III

*predominantly +ve deflections will be seen

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16
Q
A

I: -ve
II: +ve but less so
III: +ve increased and more than II

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17
Q
A

it is the predominant deflection that must be taken into account

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18
Q
A

lead II becomes predominantly -ve

(and lead III must be as well, obviously)

*usually due to conduction defect

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19
Q
A

0

20
Q
A

90

21
Q
A

60

22
Q
A

120

23
Q
A

-30

24
Q
A

-150

25
Q
A

-30 to +90 (VL to VF)

26
Q
A

-30 to -90

27
Q
A

+90 to -90 (180degrees)

28
Q
A

R and L hypertrophy

(Right may = PE
Left may = conduction defect)

29
Q
A

from left to right

30
Q
A

Left - more mass.

31
Q
A

upwards (‘R’ wave)

32
Q
A

downwards (‘Q’ wave)

33
Q
A

S wave - negative because the larger muscle mass of left ventricle outweighing the positive which would be seen from right ventricular depolarisation

34
Q
A

R wave - upward deflection as the main mass of the l ventricle is depolarising towards V5/V6

35
Q
A

Where the R and S waves are equal - indicating the position of the interventricular septum.

36
Q
A

V3/V4

37
Q
A

Right ventricular hypertrophy

38
Q
A

II

39
Q
A

The bottom strip.

40
Q
A

electrical interference - multiple very high frequency spikes . (electric lights/bed motors or mattresses)

41
Q
A

At the beginning of the trace. 1mV = 1cm

42
Q
A

25 mm/s

43
Q
A

Calm/relax/look out for parkinsons/tremor/shake

44
Q
A

spiky baseline
especially in the limb leads
Shivering = even more pronounced spikes

45
Q
A
  1. Rhythm (normal rate = 50/min
  2. Conduction intervals (normal/abnormal PR interval - 180ms &QRS duration - 120ms)
  3. Cardiac axis
  4. QRS description
  5. ST and T wave description.
46
Q
A

yes

CARDIOLOGY (11 decks)

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