ECG: Arrhythmias

Question 1

Risk factors for fibrillation

Answer 1

Ischemia Mitral stenosis Hyperthyroidism Alcoholic carbiomyopathy Digitalis toxicity Pulmonary Embolus Pericarditis

Question 2

Normal Depolarization frequencies of the SA node, AV node, and Ventricle

Answer 2

SA: 60-100 AV: 40-60 Vent: 25-40

Question 3

What does it mean if an extrasystolic or premature beat is undercompensated?

Answer 3

That the impulse was generated from a supraventricular location.

-If the following beat is compensated or overcompensated, then the location may be supraventricular or ventricular.

Question 4

What is the difference between the QRS complex for impulses generated supraventricularly vs ventricularly?

Answer 4

Supraventricular beats have narrow QRS complexes

Ventricular have wider QRS complexes.

Question 5

What are causes of Arrhythmia?

Answer 5

Hypoxia

Ischemia

Myocardial infection

Hyperthyroidism

Strong sympathetic stimulation

Drugs (digitalis)

Hypokalemia or other ion imbalances

Bradycardia

Hypertrophy or dilation of the heart

Question 6

Where are Nomotropic arrhythmias generated? Heterotropic?

Answer 6

Nomotropic: generated in the SA node

Heterotropic: generated anywhere else