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Cardiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

Lead II is attached to which areas? What is measured in lead II?

A

Lead II compares the electrical activity seen from the electrodes placed on the left leg and the right arm.

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of leads that is used in measuring the ECG?

A

Chest leads and limb leads (6 of each)

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3
Q

How are the limb leads named?

A

I, II, III, aVF, aVR, aVL

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4
Q

How are the chest leads named?

A

V1, V2, V3, to V6

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5
Q

Which leads are looked at to investigate for axis deviation?

A

Leads I and aVF

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6
Q

Which leads are looked at to investigate for bundle branch blocks?

A

Leads I and II

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7
Q

List 6 indicators of Left anterior fascicular block

A
  1. LAD
  2. q1r3 (small Q wave in Lead I and small R wave in Lead III)
  3. Lead I: positive QRS
  4. Lead II: Negative QRS
  5. Lead III: Negative QRS
  6. Commonly with RBBB
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8
Q

List the 6 indicators of Left Posterior fascicular block

A
  1. RAD
  2. r1q3 (small r in Lead I and small q in Lead III)
  3. Lead I: Negative QRS
  4. Lead II: biphasic QRS (Neither negative nor positive)
  5. Lead III: positive QRS
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9
Q

In atrial tachycardia, what is the rate of atrial depolarisation?

A

> 150/min

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10
Q

AV node cannot conduct atrial rates of discharge greater than what value?
What is the consequence of this?

A

AV node cannot conduct atrial rates >200/min.

There will be an AV block, with some P waves not followed by QRS complexes.

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11
Q

What are the similarities and differences between AV block associated with atrial tachycardia, and second degree heart block?

A

In both AV block a/w tachycardia and second degree heart block, some P waves are not followed by QRS complexes.
However, the AV node is functioning properly in AV block a/w tachycardia. In second degree heart block associated with sinus rhythm, the AV node is not conducting normally.

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12
Q

What is the ECG pattern of an atrial flutter?

A

When there is no flat baseline between the P waves (as atrial rate is >250/min.

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13
Q

Does carotid sinus pressure help abolish supraventricular tachycardia or ventricular tachycardia?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia, it has no effect on ventricular tachycardia

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14
Q

What are the 3 interpretations of tachycardia with broad QRS complexes?

A
  1. Ventricular tachycardia
  2. Supraventricular tachycardia with bundle branch block
  3. Supraventricular tachycardia with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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15
Q

Patient has an acute Myocardial Infarction. ECG presents with tachycardia and broad QRS complexes. What is the interpretation?

A

Ventricular tachycardia

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16
Q

Describe the 4 characteristics of a normal QRS complex

A
  1. Duration is no greater than 120ms
  2. In a right ventricular lead (V1), the S wave is greater than the R wave
  3. In the left ventricular lead (V5 and V6), the height of the R wave is less than 25mm
  4. Left ventricular leads may show Q waves due to septal depolarisation, but these are less than 1mm across and less than 2mm deep
17
Q

What is the sign of Right axis deviation and left axis deviation as shown on the ECG?

A

In Right Axis Deviation, the leads I and aVF are pointing together.
In Left Axis Deviation, the leads I and aVF are pointing apart.

18
Q

What is the ECG pattern in right ventricular hypertrophy?

A
  1. Tall QRS complex, with the height of R greater than the S wave in lead V1.
  2. Deep S wave in lead V6
  3. Right axis deviation
  4. a peaked P wave due to right strial hypertrophy
  5. In severe cases, the T waves are inverted.
19
Q

Supraventricular rhythms have broad or narrow QRS complexes? What are the exceptions to this presentation?

A

Supraventricular rhythms have narrow QRS complexes.
Exception occurs when there is a supraventricular rhythm with a right or left bundle branch block, or the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, where the QRS complex is wide

20
Q

What is the pattern of the ECG in hyperkalaemia?

A

Flattened P wave, sharp T wave and broadened QRS complex

Cardiology (12 decks)

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