EC L1

Question 1

In Eukaryotes where is the genetic information held?

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

In eukaryotes where is the ribosomes?

Answer 2

cytoplasm

Question 3

What carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Answer 3

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 4

is RNA in cells double stranded or single stranded?

Answer 4

single stranded

Question 5

are the number of bases in RNA equal like in DNA

Answer 5

No

Question 6

how many BP per turn in RNA?

Answer 6

11

Question 7

are all bp complementary or “standard’

Answer 7

No there are non standard pairs in golden RNA molecules

Question 8

what are the three major types of RNA and what % do they count for in the body

Answer 8

• 5% mRNA (messenger)
• 80% rRNA (ribosomal)
• 15% tRNA (transfer)

Question 9

role of mRNA?

Answer 9

carries genetic info copied from DNA into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell for translation by ribosomes

Question 10

mRNA is used as a template for…?

Answer 10

translation by the ribosomes

Question 11

rRNA in bacterial = __large and __ small

Answer 11

2 large and 1 small

Question 12

rRNA eukaryotic = __large and __ small

Answer 12

2 large and 2 small

Question 13

how many nucleotides long is tRNA

Answer 13

76 nucleotides long

Question 14

what is the role of tRNA?

Answer 14

carry amino acids to ribosomes for use in protein synthesis

Question 15

are tRNA specific in any way? if so how?

Answer 15

yes, each tRNA is dedicated to a specific amino acid so is proteinogenic

Question 16

how many different amino acids are there?

Answer 16

20

Question 17

differences in RNA synthesis and DNA synthesis

Answer 17

RNA synthesis does not have 
> primers
> semi-conservative 
> nuclease activities 
> only one DNA strand copied

Question 18

what order in prime (‘) is RNA made?

Answer 18

5’ to 3’

Question 19

transcribed strand / template strand is what prime (‘)

Answer 19

3’ to 5’

Question 20

non-transcribed strand / coding strand is what prime (‘)

Answer 20

5’ to 3’

Question 21

what stand is RNA reading? template or coding?

Answer 21

template/transcribed

Question 22

how does RNA Pol know which strand to transcribe?

Answer 22

promoters

Question 23

how does RNA Pol know where to start?

Answer 23

transcribes DNA sequences that are internal on DNA molecules and not on the edges

Question 24

how many DNA strands are used as a template?

Answer 24

one

Question 25

Info card-

Answer 25

Only one strand of the DNA is used as a template therefore the template strand is always read 3’ to 5’ as the strands are aways anti parallel to each other

Question 26

in bacteria what is the control region?

Answer 26

the promoter

Question 27

what does RNAP do after it binds to the promoter?

Answer 27

opens it up and transcribes the 3’ to 5’ strand

Question 28

Info card

Answer 28

AS RNA pol moves on the strand, the DNA is coming back together reforming the double helix.this will continue until RNA pol finishes reading the coding region of the gene. As seen below.

Question 29

info card

Answer 29

Important note: RNA pol does not transcribe the promoter !!!! It only binds to it and it immediately starts transcribing down stream.

Question 30

how do we find promoters?

Answer 30

footprinting

Question 31

what do promoters look like?

Answer 31

they differ ‘consensus’ sequences

Question 32

What is the consequence of primers being different from each other ?

Answer 32

RNA pol will recognise the promoter sequences at differential affinity.

Question 33

info card

Answer 33

RNA does not contain equal amounts of A vs U or G vs C

Question 34

info card

Answer 34

rRNA are Active site in ribosomes

Eukaryotes contains 4 species of rRNA

bacteria contains 3 species of rRNA

all ribosomes contain many proteins

Question 35

info card on tRNA

Answer 35

transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein.tRNAsfunction at specific sites in the ribosome during translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from an mRNA molecule.