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DD/BL Final > Ebola > Flashcards

Ebola Flashcards

1
Q

Describe general characteristic of Ebola

A
  1. Family: Filoviridae
  2. Structure
  • (-) ssRNA
  • Nonsegmented
  • Helical
  • Envelopep
  1. Replicate in cytoplasm
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2
Q

List 3 genuses of Filoviridae

A
  1. Ebola
  2. Marburg
  3. Cuevavirus
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3
Q

List 5 species of Ebola

A
  1. Zaire (current outbreak)
  2. Sudan
  3. Bundibugyo
  4. Tai Forest
  5. Reston (not infectious to humans – in the “Hot Zone”)
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4
Q

Which species of Ebola not infectious to human?

A

Reston

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5
Q

Describe the proteins coded by Ebola

A

7 structural proteins

2 non-structual proteins

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6
Q

Ebola Glycoprotein

A
  1. Part of viral envelope
  2. Secreted form
  3. Function: attachment/entry, pathogenicity
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7
Q

Ebola Matrix protein (2)

A
  1. VP40: important for structure, stability, assembly, budding
  2. VP24: assembly, budding, nucleocapsid assembly, immune defense
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8
Q

Which proteins form Nucleocapsid of Ebola? (2)

A
  1. VP 30
  2. Nucleoproteins
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9
Q

Which proteins function in Ebola replication? (2)

A

Polymerase comples - RNA-depedent RNApol

  1. VP35
  2. Large protein
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10
Q

Describe Ebola Pathogenicity (3)

A
  1. Enters body through mucosal surfaces or cuts to the skin
  2. Infect phagocytic cells –> release chemokines and cytokines –> attact more cells
  3. Travel to lymph nodes with phagocytes –> infect other organs
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11
Q

Describe the result of Ebola initial infection of phagocytes

A

Induces a massive cytokine storm –> desctory vascular endothelium, induce disseminated intravascular coaculation (DIC)

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12
Q

How do people die from Ebola?

A

People die from hypovolemia +/- organ failure

  1. When Ebola infects parenchymal cells, get significant cell destruction/necrosis
  2. With infection of endothelial cells, get leakage of fluids, severe fluid loss, hypovolemic shock, organ failure (hypovolemia and direct invasion)
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13
Q

How do Ebola evade host immune sytem through Glycoprotein? (surface-3 & secreted-1)

A

Glycoprotein (surface)

  1. Masks antibody binding sites
  2. Highly variable antigenic protein
  3. Physically blocks the MHC ability to stimulat immune response

Glycoprotein (secreted)

  1. Act as decoy for antibodies
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14
Q

What is the role of VP35 & VP24 in Ebola infection? (2)

A

Interfere cell’s interferon production

  1. Decreasing signal for help
  2. Prevent cell apoptosis
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15
Q
  1. Which organ is infected early on with Ebola?
  2. Why is this bad?
A
  1. Liver
  2. Inability to shut of cytokine storm
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16
Q

Ebola infection clincal symptoms? (4)

A
  1. Incubation: 2-21 days
  2. Fever, headache, weaknessm –> NOT specific
  3. Leaky vessels –> losing fluid daily
  4. NOT contagious until symptomatic
17
Q

How do patients with Ebola lose fluid?

A

Through effluent - vomit, diarrhea

18
Q

How Ebola pt being managed?

A
  1. Provide fluid repletion
  2. Dialysis, ventilation
  3. Isolation pt
19
Q

Which body fluid contains Ebola virus only in Convalescent phase? (2)

A
  1. Semen
  2. Vaginal
20
Q

Which body fluid containing Ebola virus span both phases (acute & convalescent phases)? (5)

A
  1. Blood
  2. Urine
  3. Tears
  4. Rectal/feces
  5. Milk
21
Q

Which body fluid containing Ebola virus seen only in Acute phase? (2)

A
  1. Saliva
  2. Sweat
22
Q

Potential drugs for Ebola [as of Feb. 2015]. (6)

A
  1. Favipiravir
  2. Brincidofovir
  3. Zmapp
  4. Tekmira’s TKM-Ebola
  5. Sarepta’s AVI-7537
  6. BioCryst BCX-4430
23
Q

How does Favipiravir work?

A

nucleotide analogue for RNA

24
Q

How does Brincidovovir work?

A

nucleotide analogue targets DNA viruses

25
Q

How does Zmapp work?

A

monoclonal antibodies against 3 targets on GP

26
Q

How does Tekmira’s TKM-Ebola work?

A

mixture of small interfering RNA targeting VP35, VP24 and L protein

27
Q

How Sarepta’s AVI-7537 work?

A

targets VP24 gene

28
Q

How BioCryst BCX-4430 work?

A

small molecule, adenosine analogue

DD/BL Final (11 decks)

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