Eating Disorders Lecture - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of eating disorder?

A
  • Other specified feeding or eating disorder
  • Binge eating disorder
  • Bulimia nervosa
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ICD 11 features of anorexia nervosa

A
  • Significantly low body weight
  • Low body weight not better explained by another medical codnition or unavailability of food
  • Persistent pattern of restrictive eating or other behaviours aimed at establishing or maintaining abnormally low body weight
  • Excessive pre-occuption with body, weight and shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is significantly low body weight for anorexia nervosa ICD-11?

A
  • Adults - BMI less than 18.5 (?17 in ICD-10)
  • Children - BMI for age less than 5th percentile or failure to gain weight as expected
  • Rapid weight loss - more than 20% total within 6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are behaviours of anorexia nervosa ICD-11 features?

A
  • Fasting
  • Choosing low calorie food
  • Excessively slow eating of small amounts of food
  • Hiding food
  • Chewing and spitting
  • Purging behaviours
  • Increased energy expenditure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of purging behaviours

A
  • Self induced vomiting
  • Laxatives
  • Diuretics
  • Enemas
  • Omissions of insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are examples of increased energy expenditure?

A
  • Excessive exercise - proportional to that person
  • Motor hyperactivity
  • Deliberate exposure to cold
  • Diet medication
  • Herbal products aimed at weight loss
  • Thyroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are aspects of excessive pre-occupation with body, weight and shape in anorexia nervosa ICD-11?

A
  • Low body weight is overvalued and central to persons self evaluation
  • Body weight or shape is inaccurately perceived to be normal or excessive
  • Repeatedly checking body weight using scales
  • Repeatedly checking body using tape measures
  • Body checking in mirror
  • Monitoring calorie content of food or searching information how to lose weight
  • Extreme avoidant behaviours - refuse to have mirror at home, avoid tight fitting clothes, refuse to know weight, purchase clothes in specific size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anorexia nervosa 2 subtypes

A
  • Restricting pattern - weight loss and maintenance of low body weight is attributed to restricted intake/fasting, increased energy expenditure (eg excessive exercise)
  • Binge-purge pattern - episodes of binge eating and purging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What often fuels the disorder of anorexia nervosa?

A
  • Disordered body image - feel fat (emotions are interpreted as feeling fat)
  • Constant comparison with others
  • Involves body checking and avoidance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anorexia nervosa stats

A
  • Least common ED in adults
  • Most common in children
  • Aged 15-19 is highest incidence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bulimia nervosa ICD-11 features

A
  • Frequent, recurrent episodes of binge eating - once a week or more over period of at least 1 month
  • Repeated inappropriate compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain
  • Excessive preoccupation with body weight or shape - similar to AN
  • Distress about pattern of binge eating and compensatory behaviours
  • Symptoms don’t make criteria for AN - eg no low BMI
  • Binges objective or subjective
  • Binges are very distressing - shame, guilt, disgust
  • May be associated with weight gain over time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of compensatory behaviours in bulimia ICD-11

A
  • Self induced vomitting
  • Fasting
  • Diuretics
  • Laxatives
  • Enemas
  • Omission of insulin
  • Excessive exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are binges characterised by in ICD-11 bulimia nervosa?

A
  • Eating larger than usual amount of food in discrete period of time - usually highly calorific
  • Lack of control during episode
  • Eat rapidly and until uncontrollably full
  • Eating when not hungry
  • Usually very secretive - hide packets etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the binge-purge cycle?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can trigger binge?

A

Physical:
* Not eating enough or regularly
* Staying underweight - body wants to gain weight
* Feeling tired/hungover
* Having PMT

Psychological:
* Ate avoided food
* Broke rule - I’ve blown it, may as well carry on
* Deciding to vomit - green light

Life/mood:
* Argument
* Upset/angry
* Bored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Peak age bulimia

A

15-25 years
Average duration is 5 years

17
Q

Binge eating disorder ICD-11 features

A
  • Frequent recurrent episodes of binge eating - once week or more over period of 3 months
  • Binge eating episodes not reguarly accompanied by compensatory behaviours
  • Symptoms and behaviours are not better accounted by another medical condition (Prader-Willi, depression, EUPD) or due to medication
  • Marked distress about pattern of binge eating
  • Subjective or objective binge
  • Distressing
  • Can be associated with weight gain
  • May be normal/low weight
  • Preoccupation with body weight/shape usually present
18
Q

Binge eating disorder ICD-11 binge features

A
  • Once a week or more over period of 3 months
  • Discrete period of time (eg 2hrs)
  • Loss of control - eats more or differently than usual, feeling like they can’t stop or limit amount or type of food eaten
  • Larger than usual amount of food - usually high calorific
  • Secretive
  • Eat rapidly and until uncomfortably full
  • Distressing - guilt, disgust, shame, negatively affect self esteem
19
Q

Binge eating disorder summary

A
  • Similar to bulimia - in terms of binges
  • No compensatory mechanisms
  • Can have relapsing remitting
  • May be obese, normal or low weight
  • Can become socially withdrawn - unhappy with appearance
20
Q

Binge eating disorder cycle

21
Q

What are OSFED - other specified feeding and eating disorders?

A
  • Eating disorders that do not fit exact diagnostic criteria for N, BN or BED
  • Can still have big impact
  • Easily hidden and may not be obvious from physical signs
22
Q

Examples of OSFED that don’t meet criteria for other diagnosis

A
  • Atypical anorexia - BMI not low
  • Bulimia nervosa - low frequency and/or of limited duration
  • Binge eating disorder - low frequency and/or limited duration
  • Purging disorder - no binge
  • Rumination-regurgitation disorder - chew food, swallow then bring back up
  • Pica - eat substances that are not food eg sponges, sand. Often driven by nutritional deficiency eg iron.
23
Q

What is avoidnt restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) ICD11 features?

A

Avoidance or restriction of food that results in both or either of:
* Intake insufficienct quantity or variety to meet adequate energy or nutritional requirements that has resulted in: weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on oral supplements or tube feeding, otherwise negatively impacted health of person
* Significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational occupational or other areas of functioning

No treatment in Leics for adults

24
Q

ARFID ICD-11 other essential features

A
  • Pattern of eating not motivated by preoccupation with body weight
  • Restricted food intake and consequenct weight loss are not due to unavailability of food, another medical condition, not due to medication
25
Q

Reasons for restriction of food intake in ARFID ICD-11

A
  • Lack interest in eating - chronic low appetite or poor ability to recognise hunger
  • Avoidance of food with certain sensory characteristics (smell, taste, texture, colour, temp)
  • Concern about consequences of eating - choking, vomitting, health problems. May be due to history of event of this.
  • May be no identified event that has preceeded onset
26
Q

Key aspects of ARFID

A
  • Does not affect body image
  • Dietary restriction is not for specific purpse of losing weight
  • Does not have any features of behaviours associated with other eating disorders
27
Q

Additional features of ARFID ICD-11

A
  • Restriction of food may be variable and affected by emotional or psychological factors - high levels distractability, high levels emotional arousal and extreme resistance at mealtimes
  • Do not have difficulty eating foods within their preferred range
  • May be underweight or normal weight
  • Can negatively impact family functioning - mealtimes can be distressing with children