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Individual differences UG > Eating disorders > Flashcards

Eating disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is pica?

A

Pica is a eating disorder where the person has a normal BMI but they eat strange unfood items, lasting at least a month. There are subtypes for the specific things they eat

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2
Q

How many categories of eating disorders are in the DSM5?

A

10

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3
Q

Eating disorders are generally a ….. and lead to …..

A

control of eating

malnutrition

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4
Q

Give 3 eating disorders

A
  • pica
  • anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia
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5
Q

What are the major issues with anorexia nervosa?

A 
	reduced food intake
	‘fear of becoming fat’ and refusal to maintain minimal weight
	no lack of appetite
	preoccupation with food
	intense fear of obesity
	high mortality rate (suicide)
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6
Q

What are the medical complications with anorexia nervosa?

A 
	cold to touch/bluish skin colour
	poor temperature regulation
	low BP/feel weak, dizzy
	heart arrhythmia – hypokalemia
	electrolyte imbalance/kidney damage
	Vitamin (B1) deficiency/depression
	hair thinning/brittle skin
	downy hair growth on body
	BMI lower than average
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7
Q

5 personality traits typical of anorexics

A
  • High anxiety
  • High negative emotion
  • Perfectionism
  • Inflexibility
  • Obsessive behaviour
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8
Q

Major issues with bulimia nervosa

A 
	loss of control of food intake
	‘fear of becoming fat’
	binges/gorging
	purging/exercise
	concern with body shape
	at least twice a week for 3 months
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9
Q

Medical complications with bulimia nervosa

A 
	BMI higher than average
	electrolyte imbalance/kidney damage
	Vitamin (B1) deficiency/depression
	heart arrhythmia – hypokalemia
	heart muscle damage
	throat/mouth damage
	dental damage
	mouth ulcers
	swollen glands
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10
Q

What is amenorrhea?

A

Period dissapearing in young women

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11
Q

Does bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa generally have a older onset age?

A

Bulimia generally has a later onset age

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12
Q

A study into body morphing

A

Tovee et al 2003
anorexia and bulimia patients overestimate the size of their bodies and anorexic patients have a lower ideal BMI and lower actual BMI

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13
Q

Research into western influence of media on eating disorder prevalence

A

Becker et al 2002 found that as the number TVs increase on an island then there is an increase in eating disorder prevalence

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14
Q

Aetiology of eating disorders?

A
  • biological
  • sociocultural factors (peer and media influence)
  • family influence
  • individual drives (idealising body types)
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15
Q

Biological causes of eating disorders

A
  • bulimia as an imbalance of serotonin
  • Anorexia patients have abnormal serotonin and dopamine levels
  • less activation of insula in anorexics
  • oestrogen changes in puberty
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16
Q

What is the treatment for anorexia?

A
  • family therapy
  • force feeding
  • CBT
  • SSRIs possible but unreliable
17
Q

Why is treatment for anorexia so hard?

A

They don’t tend to see they have a problem so it is hard to get them to an actual clinic.
The result of treatment will be weight gain and this gain can be triggering

18
Q

What is the treatment for bulimia?

A

CBT and possibly SSRIs to decrease binge frequency and the disturbed thinking

19
Q

What is the diathesis stress model?

A

This model argues that in order for a disorder to be expressed then both a predisposition and an environmental stress must be present

20
Q

What is a diathesis?

A

Congenital susceptibility. A predisposing factor that doesn’t have to be biological.

21
Q

Discuss strength of diathesis and the stressor

A

If one of these factors is large then the other one doesn’t need to be as big it is all about the summation of the two.

22
Q

Describe the bioligcal approach to mental disorders

A

Pure medical or phyciological cause to a mental disorder, the mental disorer is a psychical disease. Possibly can be a redult of prenatal factors

23
Q

Biological treatments

A
  • pharmacology- antipyschotics, antdepressants, antianxiety, mood stabislisers
  • Neurosurgery, deep brain stimulation with elctrodes
  • Gene therapy
  • electroconvulsive therapy ECT
24
Q

Pros and cons of the biological approach

A 
PROS
-evidence of herdity
- definite treatment
CONS
- not 100% concordance 
- many disorders have no clear cause
25
Q

Describe the psychoanalytical approach

A
  • Freud
  • Idea we need to pass through stages in development and get correct gratification.
  • Unresolved childhood trauma
  • Unconscious mind
  • resistance to say true feelings
  • transference (projecting feelings brought up onto therapist)
  • counter transference where therapist projects onto patient
  • warring factions of the mind; ID, ego, superego. When war is too severe the defence mechanisms don’t work resulting in disorder
26
Q

Pyschoanalytic treatments

A
  • Psychanalysis
  • Therapy
  • dream interpretation
  • free association
27
Q

Pros of psychoanalytical approach

A
  • Idea of developmental issues – distal events

- Latent effects in childhood, showing in adulthood as a predisposition

28
Q

Cons of the psychoanalytical approach

A
  • Doe not consider current issues
  • not scientifically grounded
  • draws on past a lot which may be traumatic
  • expensive for treatment
  • high effort treatment
  • therapists have a way to explain their failures because of the patients
29
Q

Describe the behaviourist approach to abnomality

A

Maladaptive behaviour is learnt and determined by the envionment. Failure to learn normal adaptibe behaviours

30
Q

Behaviourist treatment

A
  • Behavioural therapy
  • systematic Desensitisation
  • modelling
  • motivation/ rewarding behaviours(token economy)
  • aversion therapy
  • flooding
  • Modifying behaviour
31
Q

Pros and Cons of behaviourism

A 
PROS
-highlights role of learning
CONS
-implies pure environmental causes
-little evidence of conditioning
32
Q

Describe cognitive approach

A
  • Information processes like attention, memory, planning
  • Internal reinforcement
  • schema and self schema, typically distorted and wrong
33
Q

Cognitive treatment

A

CBT to fix distorted thought processes

34
Q

pros and cons of cognitive approach

A 
PROS
-step up from behaviourism
- highlights mental processes
- makes sense that distorted thoughts lead to illness
CONS
-heavy influence of environment

Individual differences UG (5 decks)

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