Eating Disorders Flashcards
What is the continuum of dieting disorders with eating disorder symptoms?
Normal eating–> development of risk factors–> partial-syndrome ED–> full-syndrome ED–> treatment
What are risk factors for developing an eating disorder?
low self-esteem
dieting
parental attitudes
body dissatisfaction
media ideal bodies
Describe Pica
-Feeding disorder type of eating disorder
-persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances over a period of at least 1 month
-eating behaviour that is not part of a culturally supported or socially normative practices
Ex. paper, soap, cloth, hair, etc.
Describe Rumination disorder
-feeding disorder type of eating disorder
-repeated regurgitation of food over a period of at least 1 month
-regurgitated food may be re-chewed, re-swallowed, or spit out
-not attributable to an associated GI condition
Describe Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
-feeding disorder type of eating disorder
-largely feeding disorder of children and adolescents
-apparent lack of interest in eating food, avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of food, concern about aversive consequences of eating
-manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs
Describe Anorexia Nervosa (AN)
-eating disorder
-life threatening condition that involves distributed body image, emaciation and an intense fear of becoming obese
Describe Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
-eating disorder
-recurrent pattern of uncontrollable consumption of large amounts of food (binge eating), may be followed by attempts to eliminate the body of excess calories (purging) or may use other restricting behaviours
-generally not life-threatening
-usually normal weight
Describe Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
-eating disorder
-similar to BN, but do not compensate for binges through purging or other behaviours
-more prevalent than anorexia and bulimia
-more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes
-1.5 females to 1 male
-associated with high comorbidity, obesity, psychosocial impairment and poor overall health
What are the types of anorexia?
Restricting– restrict caloric intake or excessive exercise
Binge eating/purging
What is interoceptive awareness?
sensory response to emotional and visceral cues, such as hunger
What are the biologic risk factors for anorexia?
dieting
weight gain (increase in BMR)
over-exercising
concurrent eating disorders
competitive athletics
What are the psychological risk factors for anorexia?
low self-esteem
body dissatisfaction
feeling of ineffectiveness
sexual abuse
What are the social risk factors for anorexia?
media, fashion industry, and focus on the ideal body type
peer pressure, peer attitudes
family attitudes
What pharmacologic management is used for anorexia?
SSRIs
What assessments should be done anorexia?
evaluation of systems
careful history (patient and family)
determine weight with BMI
menses history
sleep pattern
heart rate and rhythm
What are the physical manifestations of anorexia?
-rapid weight loss or frequent weight changes
-loss or disturbance of menstruation in girls and women and decreased libido in men
-fainting or dizziness
-feeling cold most of the time
-feeling bloated, constipated, or the development of intolerances to food
-feeling tired, not sleeping well
-lethargy and low energy
-facial changes
-fine hair appearing on the face and body
What are the psychological manifestations of anorexia?
-preoccupation with eating, food, body, etc
-anxious and irritable around meal times
-intense fear of gaining weight
-unable to maintain a normal body weight for their age and height
-depression and anxiety
-reduced capacity for thinking and increased difficulty concentrating
-“black and white” thinking
-distorted body image
-low self esteem and perfectionism
-increased sensitivity to comments
-extreme body image dissatisfaction
What are the behavioural manifestations of anorexia?
-dieting behaviour
-deliberate misuse of laxative, appetite suppressants, etc
-repetitive or obsessive behaviours relating to body shape and weight
-evidence of binge eating
-eating in private
-anti-social behaviour
-secrecy around eating
-compulsive or excessive exercising
-radical changes in food preferences
-obsessive rituals around food
-self harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts
What are some nursing interventions for anorexia?
-re-feeding
-strict monitoring and recording of intake
-weight-increasing protocols
-sleep hygiene
-exercise is usually not permitted or needs to be monitored
-journals linking physical state to feelings and surrounding events
-identifying feelings
-cognitive therapies, self-monitoring
-psychoeducation
-individual and group therapy
What are the biological manifestations of bulimia nervosa?
-frequent changes in weight (loss or gains)
-signs of damage due to vomiting
-feeling bloated, constipated or developing intolerances to food
-loss of or disturbance of menstrual periods in girls and women
-fainting or dizziness
-feeling tired and not sleeping well
What are the psychological manifestations of bulimia nervosa?
-preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight
-sensitivity to comments relating to food, weight, body shape or exercise
-low self esteem and feelings of shame, self loathing or guilt, particularly after eating
-distorted body image
-obsession with food and need for control
-depression, anxiety or irritability
-extreme body dissatisfaction
What are the behavioural manifestations of bulimia nervosa?
-Evidence of binge eating
-Vomiting or using laxatives, enemas, appetite suppressants or diuretics
-Eating in private and avoiding meals with other people
-Anti social behaviour, spending more and more time alone
-Repetitive or obsessive behaviours relating to body shape and weight
-Secretive behaviour around food
-Compulsive or excessive exercising -Dieting behaviour
-Frequent trips to the bathroom during or shortly after meals which could be evidence of vomiting or laxative use
-Erratic behaviour
-Self harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts
What are the biological manifestations of binge eating disorder?
-feeling tired and not sleeping well
-feeling bloated, constipated or developing intolerances to food
What are the psychological manifestations of binge eating disorder?
-Preoccupation with eating, food, body shape and weight
-Extreme body dissatisfaction and shame about their appearance
-Feelings of extreme distress, sadness, anxiety and guilt during and after a binge episode
-Low self esteem
-Increased sensitivity to comments relating to food, weight, body shape, exercise
-Depression, anxiety or irritability
What are the behavioural manifestations of binge eating disorder?
-Evidence of binge eating (e.g. disappearance or hoarding of food) -Secretive behaviour relating to food (e.g. hiding food and food wrappers around the house)
-Evading questions about eating and weight
-Increased isolation and withdrawal from activities previously enjoyed
-Erratic behaviour (e.g. shoplifting food or spending large amounts of money on food)
-Self harm, substance abuse or suicide attempts
