eating [ch.11, WA6] Flashcards
clinical case:
Lynne stood 5 feet, 5 inches and weighed only 78 pounds. She hadn’t menstruated for 3 years, and she had a variety of medical problems—hypotension, irregularities in her heartbeat, and abnormally low levels of potassium and calcium. Lynne had experienced several episodes of dramatic weight loss, beginning at age 18 when she first left home for college. But none of the prior episodes had been this severe, and she had not sought treatment before. She had an intense fear of gaining weight, and although she had never really been overweight, she felt that her buttocks and abdomen were far too large. (This be- lief persisted even when she weighed 78 pounds.) During the periods of weight loss, she severely restricted food intake and used laxatives heavily. She had occasionally had episodes of binge eat- ing, typically followed by self-induced vomiting so that she would not gain any weight.
anorexia nervosa (binge eating/purging type)
clinical case:
Jill was the second child born to her parents. Both she and her brother became intensely involved in athletics at an early age, Jill in gymnastics and her brother in Little League base- ball. At age 4, Jill was enrolled in gymnastics school, where she excelled. By the time she was 9, her mother had decided that Jill had outgrown the coaching abilities of the local instructors and began driving her to a nationally recognized coach sev- eral times a week. Over the next few years, Jill’s trophy case swelled and her aspirations for a place on the Olympic team grew. As she reached puberty, though, her thin frame began to fill out, raising concerns about the effects of weight gain on her performance as a gymnast. She began to restrict her intake of food but found that after several days of semistarvation she would lose control and go on an eating binge. This pattern of dieting and bingeing lasted for several months, and Jill’s fear of gaining weight seemed to increase during that time. At age 13, she hit on the solution of self-induced vomiting. She quickly fell into a pattern of episodes of bingeing and vomiting three or four times per week. Although she maintained this pattern in secret for a while, eventually her parents caught on and initiated treatment for her.
Bulimia nervosa
clinical case:
Amy, a 27-year-old African American woman, described a life- long struggle with her weight. She was described as “chubby” as a child, and peers often called her “fatty.” She went on several diets as a child, but none of them were successful. Currently, Amy is 5 feet, 4 inches tall and weighs 212 pounds (with a BMI of 35).
Amy had experienced several episodes of binge eating beginning at age 18, when she first left home for college. After being left out of a social group on campus, she retreated to her dorm room alone, where she ate two large pizzas and a bag of Doritos. After the binge, she felt very full and went to sleep. After that first binge, she found herself doing this as often as twice a week throughout college. She was not always hungry when she binged, but even though she felt extremely full, she could not stop eating. Afterwards, she felt ashamed and angry at herself for having eaten so much. She gained 70 pounds during her college years.
Amy reported that she currently binges at least once a week, typically when she has had a very stressful day at work. She has recently confided in a friend about her troubled eating, and her friend recommended that she seek treatment at the local university mental health clinic.
binge eating disorder
All the following are symptoms of anorexia except:
a. fear of gaining weight
b. unwillingness to maintain normal weight
c. perfectionism
d. distorted body image
c. perfectionism
Which statement is true regarding binge eating disorder?
a. It is more common in men than women.
b. It was not an eating disorder category in DSM-IV-TR.
c. It is synonymous with obesity.
d. It includes binges and purges.
b. it was not an ED in the DSM-4
Which of the following are characteristics of both anorexia and bulimia?
a. They involve a good deal of weight loss.
b. They are more common in women than men.
c. They have physical side effects (e.g., menstrual irregularities).
d. All the above but a are correct.
d. All the above but a are correct.
list 3 factors that contribute to obesity
Limited availability of healthy food;
minimal awareness of portion size;
abundance of food/cheap price;
genetics; marketing/advertising
T/F?
The brain structure linked to the cause of eating disorders is the hypothalamus.
False
T/F?
Dopamine has been studied in all the eating disorders.
True
T/F?
Prospective studies of personality and eating disorders indicate that the tendency to experience negative emotions is related to disordered eating.
True
T/F?
Anorexia appears to be specific to Western culture; bulimia is seen all over the world and is thus not culture specific.
False
T/F?
Cognitive behavioral views of bulimia suggest that women judge their self-worth by their weight and shape.
True
Research suggests that X therapy is an effective treatment for bulimia, both in the short and long term.
X- cognitive behaviour
For anorexia, X may be required to get the patient to gain weight. There are not many Y that have been shown to be effective. The most common type of therapy used to treat anorexia is Z.
X- hospitalisation
Y- medications
Z- family therapy
Research on prevention programs has shown that two programs show promise up to 3 years after the intervention: X and Y.
X- Body Project
Y- Healthy weight
Which of the following statements represents a genuine difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
- Fewer patients recover from anorexia nervosa than from bulimia nervosa.
- Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual period) only occurs in anorexia nervosa, and not in bulimia nervosa.
- Anorexia nervosa has a much higher mortality rate than bulimia nervosa.
- Fewer patients recover from anorexia nervosa than from bulimia nervosa.
Reese often secretly eats large amounts of high-calorie foods and then sticks her finger down her throat to vomit. She is very ashamed of this behavior and is disgusted by it. What do you predict - given your knowledge of the dynamics of eating disorders - that Reese will do in the future?
- She will reduce the amount of calories she eats during her episodes of binge eating, because of the prospect of vomiting.
- She will stop vomiting, because of the punishment of shame and disgust.
- She will not stop vomiting, because vomiting is reinforced by her fear of gaining weight.
- She will not stop vomiting, because vomiting is reinforced by her fear of gaining weight.
The emotion that plays a central role in anorexia nervosa is
- anger.
- hate.
- fear.
- fear.
