eating behaviours

Question 1

why is there a preference for sweetness

Answer 1

reliable signal of high energy foods

Question 2

how is there an innate preference for sweet foods

Answer 2

provides vitamins and minerals necessary for bodily functions and growth

Question 3

what did logue suggest about sweet foods

Answer 3

tongue has specific receptors for detecting sweetness

Question 4

what did reed suggest about sweet foods

Answer 4

preferred by babies and infants, universally preferred

Question 5

why is there a preference for salt

Answer 5

maintains neural and muscular activity, water balance

Question 6

what did denton suggest about salt

Answer 6

salt has a survival value and is evolutionarily determined so there is an innate preference

Question 7

what did beauchamp suggest about those with salt deficiency

Answer 7

innate response to ingest salt as tastier in higher concentrations

Question 8

why is there a preference for meat/ high fat foods

Answer 8

rich sources of fat and high in energy

Question 9

what is the benefit of meat foods

Answer 9

sufficient brain growth for intelligence and to survive harshness of EEA

Question 10

what is taste aversion

Answer 10

learnt response to eating toxic, spoiled or poisonous foods

Question 11

what is the effect of taste aversion

Answer 11

avoiding eating foods that previously caused illness, increasing survival

Question 12

what is biological preparedness

Answer 12

humans are biologically predisposed to form certain associations between certain stimuli

Question 13

what is neophobia

Answer 13

innate tendency and fear to new foods

Question 14

what did prescott suggest about neophobia

Answer 14

response is a survival strategy when safety is uncertain for new foods

Question 15

what did rozin suggest about neophobia

Answer 15

individuals are reluctant to consume new foods based on culture and diet

Question 16

what is food preferences in terms of social influences

Answer 16

children acquire food preferences of role models observing certain foods

Question 17

what did brown and ogden suggest about social influences

Answer 17

correlation with parents and children in terms of food intake so children eat safe foods without harm

Question 18

how is operant conditioning established in food preferences

Answer 18

providing children with rewards to establish a preference

Question 19

how is classical conditioning established in food preferences

Answer 19

developing preferences for new foods because of a liked association with food tried

Question 20

what is the effect of same aged peers on food preferences

Answer 20

vicarious reinforcement and leads to powerful influences

Question 21

what did greenhalgh suggest about social influences

Answer 21

observation of peers has both positive and negative effects
positive modelling were more likely to try foods

Question 22

what did birch suggest about social influences

Answer 22

exposures to other children changes food preferences
children showed change in vegetable preferences still evident in follow up event

Question 23

how are cultural norms in food consumption influenced in groups

Answer 23

through reinforcement and social learning

Question 24

how may foods be linked to individuals in cultural influences

Answer 24

food that we enjoy are feelings of security and happy experiences when growing up

Question 25

what is the role of the hypothalamus

Answer 25

combines the endocrine and nervous system

Question 26

what is the role of the lateral hypothalamus

Answer 26

detects levels of glucose in the liver

Question 27

when is the lateral hypothalamus activated

Answer 27

when glucose falls below a certain level

Question 28

what is the result of glucose falling below a certain level

Answer 28

trigger for hunger and motivation to eat

Question 29

what is neuropeptide y

Answer 29

a neurotransmitter associated with hunger and reducing physical activity

Question 30

what is the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 30

off switch of eating behaviour 'satiety centre'

Question 31

what is the effect of damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 31

continued eating past the point of satiety - likely increased weight

Question 32

what is the role of ghrelin

Answer 32

acts as hormonal marker of time lapsed since last episode of eating

Question 33

what is the effect of having more ghrelin

Answer 33

longer period without food

Question 34

where is the hormone ghrelin detected

Answer 34

arcuate nucleus in hypothalamus

Question 35

what is the effect of ghrelin levels increasing

Answer 35

lateral hypothalamus secretes neuropeptide y

Question 36

what is the role of leptin

Answer 36

activates the ventromedial hypothalamus and causes satiety

Question 37

what is anorexia nervosa

Answer 37

eating disorder when though seriously underweight, fear of becoming obese and as a result, starvation

Question 38

what is the statistics in terms of family studies for anorexia

Answer 38

first degree relatives like parents have ten times greater lifetime risk of having anorexia than unaffected individuals

Question 39

what did wade suggest about twins studies in anorexia

Answer 39

interviewing 2000 female twins is a heritability rate of anorexia of 58%

Question 40

what is the diathesis stress explanation

Answer 40

interaction between genetic and non genetic factors

Question 41

give an example of the diathesis stress model

Answer 41

genes create a vulnerability (diathesis) to anorexia only when an individual loses weight

Question 42

what is the effect of restricting intake of tryptophan foods

Answer 42

decrease in serotonin transmission

Question 43

what is the effect of prolonged disruptions to the serotonergic system

Answer 43

heightened anxiety levels due to anorexia development

Question 44

what did kaye et al suggest about dopamine for neural explanations

Answer 44

using PET scans to compare dopamine activity in women recovering from anorexia

Question 45

what approach is ussed in the family systems theory

Answer 45

psychodynamic approach

Question 46

who developed the family systems theory

Answer 46

minuchin

Question 47

what relationship is focused on in the family syems theory

Answer 47

mother and daughter relationship

Question 48

how are families viewed in the family system theory

Answer 48

interdependent, seeking eachother's attention and approval

Question 49

how does the family system theory explain the development of anorexia

Answer 49

dysfunctional interactions between family members and anorexia preventing dissention within a family

Question 50

what did minuchin label dsyfunctional families as

Answer 50

psychosymatic

Question 51

what are the four features of the family system theory

Answer 51

- enmeshment - autonomy - control - rigidity

Question 52

what is enmeshment

Answer 52

extreme form of proximity in family interactions

Question 53

what did barber and buehler state about enmeshment

Answer 53

enmeshment stifles development of children skills to deal with social stressors

Question 54

what is autonomy

Answer 54

not being allowed to become independent due to constraints within families

Question 55

what is a characteristic of enmeshed families

Answer 55

retains accustomed patterns of transactions by denying changes that occur in families

Question 56

what is control

Answer 56

being in charge of own self and behaviour

Question 57

what is the effect of control if someone develops anorexia

Answer 57

adolescent rebels the control in their live and refuses to eat

Question 58

what is rigidity

Answer 58

lack of flexibity in new situations

Question 59

what occurs to the daughter developing anorexia in terms of rigidity

Answer 59

daughter seeks independence which the mother prevents - inability to explore due to difficulty acknowledging problems and a crisis develops