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Psychology Unit 4 - Eating Behaviour > EATING BEHAVIOUR- success and failure of dieting > Flashcards

EATING BEHAVIOUR- success and failure of dieting Flashcards

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1
Q

what are diets like?

A

most are short term only

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2
Q

what are the 4 reasons as to why diets could work?

A

motivation,goals,lifestyle change, health

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3
Q

what are the 4 reasons as to why diets dont work?

A

cravings,conflict,lack of excercise/results= demotivation,can reduce food intake (longterm)

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4
Q

what actually is dieting?

A

placing a cognitive limit on food intake that is less that person would normally eat

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5
Q

what are most diets designed to do?

A

fail

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6
Q

what is the percentage of f that diet at some point at age of 40?

A

70%

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7
Q

what is the diet industry worth?

A

multi bill

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8
Q

what is it with females and the diet?

A

most females are dissatisfied with body shape

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9
Q

what did ogden suggest as to why f dissati? (4)

A

ethnicity
family
media
social class

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10
Q

what did ogden say with ethnicity for f dissat?

A

cross culture freq of eating problems is proportional to western world media exposure

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11
Q

what did ogden say with family for f dissat?

A

relationship btw mum and daughter w body diss (model) slt

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12
Q

what did ogden say with media for f dissat?

A

in the last 50 yrs images show thinner models

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13
Q

what did ogden say with social class for f dissat?

A

in past eating d associated with higher class.now even more spread across groups

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14
Q

what is not an ogden study suggest about f and body diss?

A

peers act as models (slt). dieting may become norm of friendship gp.

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15
Q

what is body weight influenced by?

A

genes

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16
Q

what does twin & adoption studies suggest?

A

heritability is responsible for 40-70% of weight

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17
Q

who used twin & adoption study for bodyweight?

A

stroebe

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18
Q

what idea does twin & adoption studies give?

A

nature v nurture

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19
Q

twin & adoption study in depth -bodyweight?

A
  • expression of these genes= unclear. genes may influence appetite regulation metabolic rate or number of fat cells we have
  • also link with external influences (ogden) obesity increased since exercise down. overweight more than just over eating
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20
Q

what did ashmore et al say about being overweight?

A

being overweight=more likely to get heart disease/type 2 diabetes etc plus prejudice within western society

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21
Q

what is theory used as to why we diet?

A

restraint theory

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22
Q

who thought of restrained theory?

A

herman & collegues

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23
Q

what did ogden say as to why we diet?

A

dont diet not cause worried for longterm but bc body diss

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24
Q

who suggested the 3 factors that promote overeating?

A

herman et al (2008)

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25
Q

what are the 3 factors that promote overeating?

A

distress,craving,preloading

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26
Q

how does distress promote overeating?

A

triggers overeating in restrained eaters not those with eating concerns

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27
Q

what did herman & polivy say with restrained eaters?

A

look at restrained and unrestrained eaters. when p led to believe= electric shock restrained ate more than less. more pronounced when distress is personal (so moods) rather than physical threat

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28
Q

synoptic of herman and polivy study?

A

low mood= cravings for food rich in trytophan-serotonin- makes us feel good- could link topic too

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29
Q

what is craving?

A

desire for certain food

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30
Q

how does craving promote overeating?

A

more likely in dieters and restrained eaters. reason unknown -do cravings induce restrained eating/is consequence of dieting?

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31
Q

what did they use for craving?

A

pre loaded tasks

32
Q

what does pre-load mean?

A

when give p small amounts of food before being offered other food (e.g amunts,types)

33
Q

what did herman et al say in association with pre load?

A

where p given food before free access to food. pre load should suppress appetite.

34
Q

who does preload suppress appetite more with & why ?

A

non dieters than dieters because non can regulate food intake more and dieters dont know how to switch hunger off

35
Q

what herman & mack say in association with pre load?

A

once a dieter has eaten the dieter feels they have blown it for day and just eat.

36
Q

A02 for restraint theory/ preload?

A

herman /7polivy (boundary model)

37
Q

what type of explanation is boundary model?

A

bip psychological exp

38
Q

what does boundary model suggest?

A

our body has set point which predetermined by our biology. we try to maintain through what we eat. if we go on diet= imposing cog boundary that below our bodyweight set point

39
Q

so what is the boundary model overall?

A

combo of psychological & physiological (cognitive proces

40
Q

so what is the boundary model overall?

A

combo of psychological & physiological (cognitive proces)

41
Q

what can you also link with bundary model?

A

link between bmi- more higher weight + to break point)

42
Q

in restrained eaters the control is undermined by what 2 things?

A
  1. cognitive regulation- rather than biological

2. gap widens when people change btw overeating and dieting (stroebe)

43
Q

why are dietiers less sensitive to because of this?

A

hungery and satiety (boundary is crossed)

44
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 1?

A

diets are centered on restrained eating therefore we suffer cognitive conflict (penguins) when we told not to eat we eat

45
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 2?

A

cannot exp why anorexia individ can successfully restrain eating

46
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 3?

A

biological bundary should make them eat as should be stronger than cog

47
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 3?

A

biological boundary should make them eat as should be stronger than cog

48
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 3?

A

biological boundary should make them eat as should be stronger than cog

49
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 4?

A

must be more complex than just restraining therefore requires interactionist approach

50
Q

what is interactionist approach?

A

other things affecting not just biology/psychology like lifestyle affecting dieting

51
Q

evaluation of restraint theory point 5?why is lab research good?

A

controlled,no ev’s (individ control what eat). (cause & effect relationship) however lack eco validity and demand c’s.

52
Q

is dieting successful- what is the biggest predictor of weight loss?

A

excercise

53
Q

is dieting successful?

A

if it was we wouldnt have many diff types

54
Q

is dieting effective?

A

most dieters lose weight then gain (yoyo)

55
Q

studies supporting effective diets? (4)

A

heatherton et al
ogden
hardeman
ogden

56
Q

what did heatherton et al suggest?

A

found weight fluctuation in no obese restrained eaters too

57
Q

what did ogden suggest?

A

dieting more likely to negotiate physical and psychological consequences than weight loss

58
Q

what did hardeman suggest?

A

result of regular excercise & increased physical activity

59
Q

what did ogden suggest?

A

look at factors associated with (t weight loss)

60
Q

q used to assess dieting success & maintenance of weight loss (study)-outline?

A

3 grps- 1.58 stable obes 2. 40 weight loss regainers 3. 44 weight loss maintences

61
Q

what was found in the 3 groups?

A

weight loss maintainers were those lighter before dieting,were older and had been dieting longer. also motivated to lose weight for psychological reasons e.g boost self esteem etc.

62
Q

what was also found (3)?

A
  1. no diff btw gps in their contact w health pros and help with weight loss
  2. weight maintainers were less likely to suggest medical exp for obesity
  3. agreed obesity due to psychological factors e.g depression, etc and more likely to say that motivation to lose weight was psychological rather than pressure from others/medical reasons.
63
Q

what is the importance of denial?

A

works on idea that when we try to deny ourselves food, suppress our thoughts -think about it more

64
Q

who supported importance of denial and what did he say?

A

weigner- theory of ironic processes of mental control - more we made not to think about something we critically think about it

65
Q

what happened in weigner et al study?

A

asked not to think about white bear-if they clicking bell

control group asked to think about bear and ring bell if did. those that ask not to think rang more often

66
Q

what did ogden say with denial?

A

some w/dieters trying to forget about forbidden foods = become preoccupied with them

67
Q

what did ogden and hills say with denial?

A

interviewed & successful lovers/maintainers found that much weight loss was triggered by life events e.g divorce etc

68
Q

what did ogden and hills say with denial in depth? (5)

A

became long term change if

  1. agreed that behaviour important contrib to obesity
  2. they reduced their choice of what /when to eat
    3) saw a reduction in the beliefs of function of eating
    4) created a new identity so no longer a (fathy)
    5) so successful dieting is what we do ples what we believe
69
Q

what are the 7 reasons as to why dieting may fail?

A

1) if weight loss is slow then motivation decreases (body may have admitted to reduce calorie intake)
2) early start of diet, body will reatin more fat due to restriction (famine hypothes)
3) may be unable to overcome genetic influence
4) requires lifestyle change as well as change to eating
5) insecure obesity threat to healthy may need surgical intervention (gastric band)
6) type of diets affect succes- food mood project
7) nolen-hoersema-fimo capsed with low mood= binge eating = 80% develop depression within 5 yrs

70
Q

what did food mood project find?

A

found that low calorie diets lead to anxiety and other mental disorders.

71
Q

when do diets succeed and case for it?

A

redden (2008)- to be successful we need to pay attention to detail. so what we eat= less boring uk 135 p - 22 jely beans 1 at home.

72
Q

how many groups in redden study and what happened?

A

2 gps- gp 1- general info flashed on screen about bean
gp 2- specific detail e.g flabour
g1- bored faster
g2- enjoyed task more

73
Q

what does redden study support?

A

imprtants to detail

74
Q

what are the 3 synop points for eval of success and failure?

A

approach, gender bias, ethnocentric

75
Q

why approach synop point?- eval of success and failure

A

dieting success failure at both cog and biological exp based around diet e.g cog conflict
genetics because some people aren’t in control how much weight gain due to fat cells

76
Q

why gender bias synop point?- eval of success and failure

A

more research to show it is only childrens moms who value daughters to become diss with bodies slt)
maybe incorrect generalisation to men = beta bias

77
Q

why ethnocentric synop point?- eval of success and failure

A

some countries dont diet due to lack of media influence on diss of body image (mainly western)
individualist (collectivist cultures)

Psychology Unit 4 - Eating Behaviour (6 decks)

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