EATING BEHAVIOUR- evolutionary explanations of food preference

Question 1

what are the 3 essential food stuff?

Answer 1

salt, sugar , fat and protein

Question 2

why is salt essential?

Answer 2

essential for cell activity & transmission of nervous system

Question 3

what is salts chemical name?

Answer 3

sodium chloride

Question 4

why is sugar essential?

Answer 4

good & bad sugar

Question 5

what are the types of sugar?

Answer 5

glucose, fructose,sucrose

Question 6

what is glucose sugar?

Answer 6

natural

Question 7

what is fructose sugar?

Answer 7

fruit-only avail at certain times

Question 8

what is sucrose sugar?

Answer 8

bad - man made sugar

Question 9

why is fat and protein essential?

Answer 9

muscle & brain development/repair

speed up nerve impulses (myelin sheath)

Question 10

what are these 3 essentials needed for ?

Answer 10

diet

Question 11

what have modern society said about food?

Answer 11

we have outdated biology and go for cravings. we associate sweet & salty food with pleasure

Question 12

what are the foods to be avoided in evolutionary point of view?

Answer 12

kale is bitter lemons are sour

Question 13

why do we avoid kale?

Answer 13

chemical with in brussel sprouts and lemons down to genes. some cant taste that make bitter and others can.

Question 14

evolutionary reasons why we like certain foods in order to survive?

Answer 14

4 common taste we devolved/evolved

Question 15

what are the 4 common taste we devolved/evolved from?

Answer 15

salt
sweet foods
sour foods
bitter

Question 16

why salt foods?

Answer 16

is critical to cell functioning and therefore salty foods need to be identified to provide this nutrient

Question 17

why sweet foods?

Answer 17

enable us to identify foods which are rich in carb and provide us energy

Question 18

why sour foods?

Answer 18

associates w food that has gone off and therefore food to be avoided as full of harmful bacteria e.g kale/brussel sprouts

Question 19

why bitter foods?

Answer 19

taste is associated with being poisonous & therefore needs to be avoided

Question 20

what is the evolved response to meat?

Answer 20

unami: recent discovery & is highly savorly e.g meaty tastes which are high in protein

Question 21

research in relation to evolutionary diets? (unami)

Answer 21

in evolutionary terms we can compare our diet w great apes (nearest rel) split from years ago

Question 22

unami research:what was the diet of our early ancestors?

Answer 22

likely to be fruit,nuts, & plants as this is the diet of modern day apes

Question 23

unami research: what are chimps?

Answer 23

chimps are occasional meat eaters (grubs,insects & sometimes smaller monkeys

Question 24

unami research: what are we today?

Answer 24

we are omnivores- eat meat aswell as fruit,nuts, plants etc

Question 25

who is the researcher in support of the unami research?

Answer 25

buss (2008)

Question 26

what did buss say?

Answer 26

for chimps meat is apporx 4 % of diet in modern hunter- gather societies meat is btw 20-90% of their diet dependant on season

Question 27

buss do?

Answer 27

muscle & brain development

Question 28

what is dueodenam?

Answer 28

for extracting protein

Question 29

what did buss say?

Answer 29

for chimps meat is approx 4 % of diet in modern hunter- gather societies meat is btw 20-90% of their diet dependant on season

Question 30

what does the human digestive system suspect?

Answer 30

we are meat eaters even though some humans are vegetarians for health/moral reasons

Question 31

what is dueodenam (part 2)?

Answer 31

part of small intestine & is no longer than in apes. it is equipped to digest & absorb protein

Question 32

what does dueodenam differ from?

Answer 32

chimps who have long large intestine which is equipped to digest plants

Question 33

what have we as humans developed?

Answer 33

digestive system that holds on weight longer to get something out of it

Question 34

evidence for evolution- what are omnivores?

Answer 34

we can eat anything. omnivores eat a diet rich with different food sources. but this means vunerable to toxins & infections from food they eat.

Question 35

what cases support evolution providing coping methods with food?(cooking)

Answer 35

wrangham

lucas

Question 36

what did wrangham say?

Answer 36

half m years ago food started to be cooked. killed bacteria in meat and amde it tender & easier to chew

Question 37

what did lucas say?

Answer 37

result is humans molars became smaller. as teeth got smaller allowed to tounge to develop and speech/communication to develop
-cooking makes the protein fibre in meat easier to digest= more protein= bigger brain

Question 38

cases supporting another aspect of cooking?

Answer 38

sherman & hash

steiner et al

Question 39

why do we like spicy food?

Answer 39

we evolved ability to use for 1 reason- adding spices used in cooking= effective in killing bacteria & stop food poisioning

Question 40

what did sherman & hash say? (spices)

Answer 40

spices used more in hot countries where food could go off more rapidly

Question 41

what did steiner et al say?

Answer 41

bitter & sour foods lead to a facial expression of digust (universal expression)- suggests food off- disguest likely tp avoid food in future

Question 42

what is expression also known as & in depth?

Answer 42

motions- designed as communicator

Question 43

what is the developed idea of this?

Answer 43

food aversion which happens quickly due to the severity of consequences

Question 44

who did research support on food aversion?

Answer 44

neese & williams
profet
buss

Question 45

what did neese & williams suggest?

Answer 45

some children have a range of minimal range of food they eat. may be linked to fact some veg toxic to young children e.g sprouts. adults tend to have reasonably stable diets except for preg women where changes occur in early pregnancy- includes avoiding foods completely.

Question 46

what did profet say?

Answer 46

75% women suffer from morning sickeness (EPSI)

Question 47

what is evo expl (embyro protection hypothesis) as an evolved reponse? (buss)

Answer 47

preg women tend to avoid coffee, tea, meat,alcohol,egss + veg
morning sickness waves after 1t transfer. during this trimestor major organs form & baby is most vunerable. caffeine can damage organs & meat & eggs contain bacteria,some veg toxins. so morning sickness helps to protect baby.

Question 48

what is eval of epsi?

Answer 48

now an evolutionary hangover but good example for survival of species.

Question 49

aids for evolutionary exp of food pref? (4)

Answer 49

reductionism
nature v nurture
determinism
scientific meth

Question 50

why reductionism?

Answer 50

ignores environmental factors & focuses on past events and ignores current cultural religious influences

Question 51

why nature v nurture?

Answer 51

interactionism- nativist- development of physical changes

empiracist- learnt to cook,use of spices to make food more lasting/easier to digest

Question 52

why determinism?

Answer 52

suggests eating only certain foods e.g free will (vegan,veg)

Question 53

why scientific meeth?

Answer 53

not scientific
based on subjective interpretation of similarities btw human & non humans
largely based on ‘fossil records’

Question 54

extra in aids?(3)

Answer 54

gaps in fossil records
no soft tissue preservation to see changes in physical structures
interpret difference and hypothesise why they happen & how it may fit evolution