EASY YEAR IN REVIEW (The Teddy Bear) Flashcards
The Columbian Exchange affected American Indian agriculture by getting American Indians to
farm barley
In 1548, Spanish historian Fernández de Oviedo wrote “there are not nowbelieved to be at the present time . . . five hundred persons [left].” Whatwas he writing about?
the effects of infection on the Taino people of Hispaniola
Why did the Spaniards start bringing enslaved Africans to New Spain in1501?
They had exhausted the local population of American Indian slaves.
How did trade support the economy of the middle colonies?
Merchants in Philadelphia and New York City exported wheat to foreignmarkets.
What was the objective of the English Bill of Rights?
to reduce the power of the English Monarch
What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights?
It influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution.
How would the opinions of delegates to the Second Continental Congressbe best characterized?
Delegates were far from unified but were open to compromise.
Which group felt the colonies did not need independence?
Loyalists
What is the likely reason that Spain became an ally to the Patriots?
Spain wished to regain Florida from Britain.
How did the delegates resolve the debate over how slaves should factor into representation in government?
They reached a compromise that allowed each individual slave to becounted as three-fifths of a person.
How did the Federalist Papers try to assure Americans about the new federal government created under the Constitution?
by saying that the government would not overpower the states
What is the Bill of Rights?
a document added to the Constitution to protect the rights of individualcitizens
Why do you think that the Constitution insists on dividing state representativesinto a bicameral, or two-part, Congress?
to allow each side to keep the power of the other side in check
Why did James Madison promise to add a bill of rights to the Constitution?
Americans feared that a strong central government might take away therights that states had granted to individuals.
The Fifth Amendment protects anyone found not guilty in a criminal trialfrom being tried again for the same crime. What is the name for thisprotection?
double jeopardy
Alexander Hamilton stood for a flexible reading of the Constitution, but Thomas Jefferson stood for what?
strict construction
Which statement expresses the most important reason for the U.S. government’streaty with the American Indians in the Northwest Territory?
The U.S. needed to establish a right of entry in order to expand.
The first political party division in the United States was between
Democratic-Republicans and Federalists.
In the early 1800s, the Mississippi River was crucial to settlers in all but which of the following states?
Arkansas
The Embargo Act failed because…
it caused American merchants to lose money and had little effect on Britain and France.
Lewis and Clark failed in their expedition in that they did not…
find a river route across the West to the Pacific Ocean.
Why was President Monroe concerned when Mexico became independentfrom Spain in 1821?
He thought that European powers might try to colonize new Latin American countries.
Who became president as a result of the controversial election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams
How did the decisions in the McCulloch v. Maryland and the Gibbons v.Ogden cases strengthen the feeling of national unity in the United States?
by reinforcing the power of the federal government
What issue most influenced Americans’ political thinking during AndrewJackson’s presidency?
local economies
Andrew Jackson’s stance on federal power was not consistent, as evidenced by what?
He argued to use U.S. troops to enforce tariff collection but argued against establishing a national bank.
Who benefited most from Andrew Jackson’s plan to remove American Indians to the West?
American farmers, who gained millions of acres of land for settlement
Why did Mexican priest Father Miguel Hidalgo Costilla lead about 80,000 American Indians and mestizos in a rebellion in 1810?
The people were poor and thought independence from the Spanish monarchy would improve their lives.
What was the significance of Father Hidalgo y Costilla’s rebellion?
It failed to overthrow the Spanish monarch, but inspired the independence movement to grow.
How did Brigham Young’s influence resolve the western dispute over water rights?
Young promoted the idea that the good of the community should outweigh the interests of individuals.
How is the Industrial Revolution best defined?
a period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry
What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden?
Thomas Gibbons’ federal license had priority over Aaron Ogden’s state license.
What first drove the pace of railroad construction in the United States?
growing demand for faster travel and more rail connections
Why did the value of slaves drop in the South before the invention of the cotton gin?
Prices for crops were low, so some farmers decreased production and demand for slaves declined.
By the early 1800s, many slaves practiced which religion?
Protestant
What event prompted many states to strengthen their slave codes?
Turner’s Rebellion
“If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a differentdrummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.”—Henry David Thoreau, from Walden, published in 1854How does this quotation by Henry David Thoreau reflect the beliefs heldby transcendentalists?
It suggests that people should follow their own beliefs and not thebeliefs of others.
In late 18th century America, the Second Great Awakening was a period of…
Christian renewal and revival that began in the northeastern U.S.
Which of these was not a problem with public education in the U.S. in the1800s?
There were no materials developed for schools to use to instructstudents.
Harriet Beecher Stowe decided to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin because she wanted to
educate northerners about the evils of slavery in the U.S.
Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act because he wanted to
build a railroad from Chicago to the Pacific Ocean.
What issue did the Republican Party rally around in 1854?
the spread of slavery in the West
What was Union general Winfield Scott’s strategy for winning the Civil War?
He wanted to employ a naval blockade of southern ports and gain controlof the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy.
Why did General Robert E. Lee decide to lead the Confederate armyalthough he was opposed to slavery and secession?
He had been born in the South and felt he had to remain loyal to hisbirthplace.
What advantage did the North have over the South in the Battle of Gettysburg?
The North controlled Little Round Top, which gave them a better positionthan the South.
How did Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction affect the social structure ofthe South?
African Americans began to demand the same economic and politicalrights as whites.
Why did Congressional Republicans think that passing the Fifteenth Amendment would help protect their Reconstruction plan?
They thought African Americans would vote to support the plan if given the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment.
How did the Democratic group the Redeemers attempt to limit the rights of African Americans?
They established laws that successfully discriminated against African Americans.
After the Civil War, the United States engaged in all of the following conflicts except
the Cuban-American War.
Which economic change occurred in the United States after 1877?
the second industrial revolution
