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Science > Earthquakes and volcanos > Flashcards

Earthquakes and volcanos Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction called?

A

S waves

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1
Q

What is the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape called?

A

Elastic rebound

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2
Q

What are seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion called?

A

P waves

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3
Q

What are waves of energy that travel through Earth away from an earthquake in all directions called?

A

seismic waves

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4
Q

what is the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress called?

A

deformation

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5
Q

What is the branch of earth science devoted to studying earthquakes called?

A

Seismology

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6
Q

Most earthquakes happen at the edges of _________

A

tectonic plates

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a type of plate motion?

a) transform motion b) convergent motion
c) divergent motion d) rebound motion

A

d) rebound motion

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8
Q

a break in Earth’s crust along which blocks of crust slide relative to one another is?

A

a fault

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9
Q

which of the following is a type of body wave?

a) shear wave b) surface wave
c) reverse wave d) transform wave

A

a) shear wave

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10
Q

What is the name of the instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake?

A

seismograph

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11
Q

what is a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph called?

A

seismogram

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12
Q

what is the name of the scale used to measure earthquake damage?

A

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale

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13
Q

what is the point on Earth surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point called?

A

epicenter

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14
Q

what is the name of the scale used to measure earthquake strength?

A

Richter magnitude scale

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15
Q

what is the simplest method used to find an earthquake’s epicenter?

A

the S-P time method

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16
Q

What is another word for an earthquake’s strength?

A

magnitude

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17
Q

how much more ground motion does an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 have than one with a magnitude of 4.0?

A

100 times as much

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18
Q

what do you call a measurement of how likely an area is to have a damaging earthquake

A

earthquake hazard

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19
Q

what do you call the hypothesis based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time?

A

gap hypothesis

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20
Q

what do you call an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past?

A

seismic gap

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21
Q

what do you call the process of making older structures more earthquake resistant?

A

retrofitting

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22
Q

what is something that helps keep water and gas lines from breaking in an earthquake?

A

flexible pipe

23
Q

what is something that acts as a shock absorber for a building during an earthquake?

A

base isolator

24
Q

what is a weight located at the bottom of a building to help offset building movement?

A

active tendon system

25
Q

what is a weight placed in the roof of a building to counteract building movement?

A

mass damper

26
Q

what is the best thing to do if you are inside when an earthquake begins?

A

crouch under a table or desk

27
Q

when should you return to your home after an earthquake?

A

when someone in authority tells you to

28
Q

molten rock underground is called

A

magma

29
Q

magma that flows on the Earth’s surface

A

lava

30
Q

dust-sized particles of hardened lava are called

A

ash

31
Q

magma that is blasted into the air and hardens is called

A

pyroclastic material

32
Q

vent on earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled is called

A

volcano

33
Q

a crack or opening in the Earth’s crust is called

A

vent

34
Q

which of the following would you expect to see during a Non Explosive eruption?

a) hot debris, ash, and gas shooting into the air
b) molten rock blowing into the air
c) calm lava flows
d) violent explosions

A

c) calm lava flows

35
Q

Pillow lava does what?

A

forms when lava erupts under water

36
Q

Lava with a high viscosity

A

is thick like pudding

37
Q

large blobs of magma that harden in the air are called

A

volcanic bombs

38
Q

long cracks in the Earth’s crust are called

A

rifts

39
Q

a funnel shaped pit near a volcano’s central vent are called

A

crater

40
Q

a large, semicircular depression over a magma chamber is called

A

caldera

41
Q

a wide, flat landform; usually covers a large area

A

lava plateau

42
Q

a large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a

A

caldera

43
Q

a combination of explosive and nonexplosive eruptions will creat a

A

composite volcano

44
Q

what does a cinder cone volcano look like?

A

has steep slopes

45
Q

a shield volcano is sometimes called what?

A

a stratovolcano

46
Q

which of the following would you expect after an explosive eruption?

a) warmer temperatures b) darkened skies
c) calm lava flows d) clear skies

A

b) darkened skies

47
Q

What is an active volcano doing?

A

is currently erupting or will erupt very soon

48
Q

in the future what will an extinct volcano do?

A

will probably never erupt again

49
Q

what will a dormant volcano do in the future

A

Might erupt again

50
Q

A set of deep cracks between tech tonic plates is called

A

A rift zone

51
Q

Columns of rising magma are called

A

Mantle plumes

52
Q

What do you call the area where tectonic plates separate

A

The divergent boundary

53
Q

What do you call the area where tectonic plates collide

A

A convergent boundary

54
Q

What do you call the area with underwater volcanoes and mountains

A

A mid ocean ridge

55
Q

What do you call a volcanically active area that is not near a tectonic plate boundary

A

A hot spot

56
Q

Which of the following best describes subduction?
A) movement of tectonic plates away from each other
B) movement of one tectonic plate against another
C) movement of one tectonic plate under another
D) side-by-side movement of two tectonic plates

A

C) movement of one tectonic plate under another

Science (20 decks)

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