Earthquakes and volcanos

Question 0

What are the seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction called?

Answer 0

S waves

Question 1

What is the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape called?

Answer 1

Elastic rebound

Question 2

What are seismic waves that cause particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion called?

Answer 2

P waves

Question 3

What are waves of energy that travel through Earth away from an earthquake in all directions called?

Answer 3

seismic waves

Question 4

what is the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress called?

Answer 4

deformation

Question 5

What is the branch of earth science devoted to studying earthquakes called?

Answer 5

Seismology

Question 6

Most earthquakes happen at the edges of _________

Answer 6

tectonic plates

Question 7

Which of the following is not a type of plate motion?

a) transform motion b) convergent motion
c) divergent motion d) rebound motion

Answer 7

d) rebound motion

Question 8

a break in Earth’s crust along which blocks of crust slide relative to one another is?

Answer 8

a fault

Question 9

which of the following is a type of body wave?

a) shear wave b) surface wave
c) reverse wave d) transform wave

Answer 9

a) shear wave

Question 10

What is the name of the instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake?

Answer 10

seismograph

Question 11

what is a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph called?

Answer 11

seismogram

Question 12

what is the name of the scale used to measure earthquake damage?

Answer 12

Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale

Question 13

what is the point on Earth surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point called?

Answer 13

epicenter

Question 14

what is the name of the scale used to measure earthquake strength?

Answer 14

Richter magnitude scale

Question 15

what is the simplest method used to find an earthquake’s epicenter?

Answer 15

the S-P time method

Question 16

What is another word for an earthquake’s strength?

Answer 16

magnitude

Question 17

how much more ground motion does an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 have than one with a magnitude of 4.0?

Answer 17

100 times as much

Question 18

what do you call a measurement of how likely an area is to have a damaging earthquake

Answer 18

earthquake hazard

Question 19

what do you call the hypothesis based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time?

Answer 19

gap hypothesis

Question 20

what do you call an area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past?

Answer 20

seismic gap

Question 21

what do you call the process of making older structures more earthquake resistant?

Answer 21

retrofitting

Question 22

what is something that helps keep water and gas lines from breaking in an earthquake?

Answer 22

flexible pipe

Question 23

what is something that acts as a shock absorber for a building during an earthquake?

Answer 23

base isolator

Question 24

what is a weight located at the bottom of a building to help offset building movement?

Answer 24

active tendon system

Question 25

what is a weight placed in the roof of a building to counteract building movement?

Answer 25

mass damper

Question 26

what is the best thing to do if you are inside when an earthquake begins?

Answer 26

crouch under a table or desk

Question 27

when should you return to your home after an earthquake?

Answer 27

when someone in authority tells you to

Question 28

molten rock underground is called

Answer 28

magma

Question 29

magma that flows on the Earth's surface

Answer 29

lava

Question 30

dust-sized particles of hardened lava are called

Answer 30

ash

Question 31

magma that is blasted into the air and hardens is called

Answer 31

pyroclastic material

Question 32

vent on earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled is called

Answer 32

volcano

Question 33

a crack or opening in the Earth's crust is called

Answer 33

vent

Question 34

which of the following would you expect to see during a Non Explosive eruption? a) hot debris, ash, and gas shooting into the air b) molten rock blowing into the air c) calm lava flows d) violent explosions

Answer 34

c) calm lava flows

Question 35

Pillow lava does what?

Answer 35

forms when lava erupts under water

Question 36

Lava with a high viscosity

Answer 36

is thick like pudding

Question 37

large blobs of magma that harden in the air are called

Answer 37

volcanic bombs

Question 38

long cracks in the Earth's crust are called

Answer 38

rifts

Question 39

a funnel shaped pit near a volcano's central vent are called

Answer 39

crater

Question 40

a large, semicircular depression over a magma chamber is called

Answer 40

caldera

Question 41

a wide, flat landform; usually covers a large area

Answer 41

lava plateau

Question 42

a large depression that forms when the magma chamber partially empties is a

Answer 42

caldera

Question 43

a combination of explosive and nonexplosive eruptions will creat a

Answer 43

composite volcano

Question 44

what does a cinder cone volcano look like?

Answer 44

has steep slopes

Question 45

a shield volcano is sometimes called what?

Answer 45

a stratovolcano

Question 46

which of the following would you expect after an explosive eruption? a) warmer temperatures b) darkened skies c) calm lava flows d) clear skies

Answer 46

b) darkened skies

Question 47

What is an active volcano doing?

Answer 47

is currently erupting or will erupt very soon

Question 48

in the future what will an extinct volcano do?

Answer 48

will probably never erupt again

Question 49

what will a dormant volcano do in the future

Answer 49

Might erupt again

Question 50

A set of deep cracks between tech tonic plates is called

Answer 50

A rift zone

Question 51

Columns of rising magma are called

Answer 51

Mantle plumes

Question 52

What do you call the area where tectonic plates separate

Answer 52

The divergent boundary

Question 53

What do you call the area where tectonic plates collide

Answer 53

A convergent boundary

Question 54

What do you call the area with underwater volcanoes and mountains

Answer 54

A mid ocean ridge

Question 55

What do you call a volcanically active area that is not near a tectonic plate boundary

Answer 55

A hot spot

Question 56

Which of the following best describes subduction? A) movement of tectonic plates away from each other B) movement of one tectonic plate against another C) movement of one tectonic plate under another D) side-by-side movement of two tectonic plates

Answer 56

C) movement of one tectonic plate under another