earthquakes and volcanoes Flashcards
Nepal primary effects
Around 9000 people died and more than 22000 were injured
An estimated 800,000 buildings were damaged or destroyed
4 million people were left homeless
The cost of damage was over 5 billion
Roads and bridges were destroyed
Water tanks and pipes were destroyed, leaving 2 million people without water or sanitation
Nepal secondary effects
the earthquake triggered avalanches on Mount Everest which killed 18 people
Many mountain roads were blocked by landslides preventing emergency aid from reaching remote areas.
A lack of clean water caused outbreaks of typhus which killed at least 13 people
Nepal immediate response
India and China sent teams to help residents rescue people trapped by debris, but a lack of tools and machinery slowed down rescue efforts
People tried to recover the dead and treat the injured but damaged roads made it hard for emergency workers and aid to get through
charities such as OXFAM provided medicine, food, and temporary water supplies.
the red cross set up emergency shelters for 130 000 families who had lost their homes.
Nepal long term responses
The World Bank Group financed 500 million worth of projects to build earthquake-resistant housing, and repair roads and irrigation systems. some projects are still ongoing.
The road to Nepal into Tibet was reopened 2 years after the earthquake, but many other routes remain damaged
Many Heritage sites were reopened in June 2015 to encourage tourists back to the area
water supply is being restored, but two years after the event, many people still didn’t have access to clean water
NGOs are working with residents to increase their resilience to disaster, for example by providing alternative energy sources
L’Aquila, Italy primary effects
308 deaths, 1500 injured
67 500 people homeless
15 000 buildings collapsed
L’Aquila, Italy immediate responses
Camps set up for homeless
Ambulances, fire services and army to area to help victims
Government money to repair gas, electricity
Free mobile phones to people who had lost homes
L’Aquila, Italy long term responses
New settlements built to house over 20 000 residents
Most of the city rebuilt
Investigation into building standards
primary earthquake effects
Property and buildings destroyed
People injured or killed
Ports, roads, railways damaged
Pipes (water and gas) and electricity cables broken
Primary volcano effects
Property and farmland destroyed
People and animals killed/injured
Air travel halted due to volcanic ash
Water supplies contaminated
secondary effects of earthquakes
Business reduced as money spent repairing the property
Blocked transport hinders emergency services
Broken gas pipes cause fire
Broken water pipes lead to a lack of freshwater
secondary volcanoes effects
The economy slows down. Emergency services struggle to arrive
Possible flooding if the ice melts Tourism can increase as people come to watch
Ash breaks down leading to fertile farmland
tectonic hazards immediate response
issue warnings if possible
Rescue teams search for survivors
Treat injured
Provide food and shelter, food and drink
Recover bodies
Extinguish fires
tectonic hazards long term response
Repair and re-build properties and infrastructure
Improve building regulations
Restore utilities
Resettle locals elsewhere
Develop opportunities for recovery of the economy
Install monitoring technology
