coastal management strategies

Question 1

Hard Engineering

Answer 1

Man-made structures built to control the flow of the sea and reduce flooding and erosion

Question 2

Types of Hard Engineering

Answer 2

Sea wall

Rock Armour

Groynes

Gabions

Question 3

Sea Wall

Answer 3

A wall made out of a hard material like concrete that reflects waves back to sea

Question 4

Benefits of a sea wall

Answer 4

It prevents erosion of the coast. it also acts as a barrier to prevent flooding

Question 5

costs of a sea wall

Answer 5

It creates a strong backwash that erodes under the wall. expensive to build and maintain

Question 6

Gabions

Answer 6

A wall of wire cages filled with rocks, usually built at the foot of cliffs

Question 7

benefits of Gabions

Answer 7

Gabions absorb wave energy and so reduce erosion. they are cheap and easy to build

Question 8

Costs of Gabions

Answer 8

They’re ugly to look at and the wire cages can corrode over time

Question 9

Rock armor

Answer 9

Boulders that are piled up along the coast.( it is also sometimes called rip-rap)

Question 10

Benefits of Rock Armour

Answer 10

it absorbs wave energy, reducing erosion and flooding. it is a fairly cheap defense

Question 11

Costs of Rock Armour

Answer 11

Boulders can be moved around by strong waves, so they need to be replaced

Question 12

Groynes

Answer 12

Wooden or stone fences are built at right angles to the coast. They trap material transported by longshore drift

Question 13

Benefits of Groynes

Answer 13

They create wider beaches that slow the waves. this gives greater protection from flooding and erosion. they are a fairly cheap defence

Question 14

Costs of Groynes

Answer 14

They starve beaches further down the coast of sand, making them narrower. narrow beaches don’t protect the coast as well, leading to greater erosion

Question 15

Types of soft engineering

Answer 15

beach nourishment and reprofiling

Dune regeneration

Question 16

Beach Nourishment and reprofiling

Answer 16

Sand and shingle from elsewhere (e.g. from sea bed) or from lower the beach that’s added to the upper part of beaches

Question 17

benefits of Beach Nourishment and reprofiling

Answer 17

it creates wider beaches which slow the waves. this gives greater protection from flooding and erosion

Question 18

cost of Beach Nourishment and Reprofiling

Answer 18

Taking material from the sea bed can kill organisms like sponges and corals. it’s a very expensive defence. it has to be repeated

Question 19

Dune Regenerations

Answer 19

creating or restoring sand dunes by nourishment, or by planting vegetation to stabilize the sand

Question 20

Benefits of Dune Regeneration

Answer 20

Dunes Create a barrier between land and sea and absorb wave energy, preventing flooding and erosion. stabilization is cheap

Question 21

Costs of Dune Regeneration

Answer 21

The protection is limited to a small area. Nourishment is very expensive