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Science 7 Grade > Earth (weather and climate) > Flashcards

Earth (weather and climate) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are three different ways of heat transfer?

A

Radiation, convection, and conduction.

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2
Q

What is conduction?

A

The direct transfer of heat energy from one substance to another(direct contact)

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3
Q

What does conduction have a minor role in heating?(3)

A

Land, ocean, and the atmosphere.

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4
Q

What are examples of conduction? (3)

A

A pot sitting on a burner, using a heating blanket to get warm, touching a metal spoon that is in a pot of boiling water, picking up a hot cup of coffee, snow melting on the hood of a car as it warms up, and roasting marshmallows.

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5
Q

What is convection?

A

The transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid.

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6
Q

How is most of the heat energy in the atmosphere transferred?

A

Convection

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7
Q

What is convection caused by?

A

Unequal heating of the atmosphere.

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8
Q

Warmer less dense air rises therefore what kind of air sinks?

A

Cooler denser air sinks.

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9
Q

When sinking and rising air occurs what is formed?

A

Convection currents.

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10
Q

What is an example of convection?

A

Macaroni rising and falling in a pot of boiling water.

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11
Q

What is radiation?

A

The transfer of heat energy through empty space.

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12
Q

What are three things radiation does not need the presence of?

A

A solid, liquid, or gas.

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13
Q

How does heat from the sun reach Earth?

A

Radiation.

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14
Q

What is an example of radiation? (2)

A

A person placing their cold hands over a warm fire, or lying out int he sun to get a tan.

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15
Q

What is earths angle tilted at?

A

23.5 degrees.

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16
Q

The hemisphere that is tilted forward and away receive what kinds of rays?

A

The hemisphere toward receives more direct rays and the hemisphere away receives more indirect rays.

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17
Q

The greatest heating occurs where the suns rays are most ______?

A

Direct.

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18
Q

What is a solstice?

A

When the sun is at the greatest distance from the equator. (farthest away from equator)

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19
Q

What is an equinox?

A

The time of the year when day and night are both equal length.

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20
Q

When is the Earth not tilted away?

A

During spring or autumn.

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21
Q

When do eclipses occur?

A

Only occurs when Earth the sun and the moon are on the same plane. (straight plane)

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22
Q

What is a solar eclipse?

A

The moon blocks out the soon and the order is the sun, moon, then Earth.

23
Q

Why does the moon block out the sun?

A

The moon blocks out the whole sun because the moon is closer to the Earth.

24
Q

A full eclipse is when the moon covers the sun _______ and a partial eclipse is when the moon covers the sun _______.

A

Totally and partially.

25
Q

How long does a solar eclipse last?

A

3 hours but the sun is only blocked out totally for 7.5 minutes.

26
Q

What is a lunar eclipse?

A

When the earth covers the part of the moon we should be viewing and the order is sun, earth, and moon.

27
Q

A total eclipse is when the moon passes ____ through earths shadow, and a partial eclipse is when the moon passes _____ through earths shadow.

A

Totally and partially.

28
Q

When does a lunar eclipse and solar eclipse occur? (phase)

A

Full moon and New moon phase.

29
Q

Why doesn’t earth have a lunar and solar eclipse every month?

A

It is because the moon is on a 5 degree tilt in orbit.

30
Q

Why do we see more lunar eclipses rather than solar eclipses?

A

It is because earth has a bigger shadow than the moon(casts)

31
Q

What are direct rays?

A

Rays from the sun that are very direct and give off more heat than indirect ones.

32
Q

What are indirect rays?

A

Rays from the sun that are indirect and give off less heat than direct rays.

33
Q

Imagine you are at a place on Earth that is experiencing a total solar eclipse. Is it daytime or nighttime?

A

It is daytime because the moon is on a straight plane, the moon is passing over the sun, and is casting a shadow over the Earth.

34
Q

Imagine you are at a place on Earth that is experiencing a total lunar eclipse. Is is daytime or nighttime>?

A

It is nighttime because the Earth is casting a shadow over the moon completely covering it. The moon is in the Full Moon stage and would appear to have a red tint.

35
Q

In a solar eclipse how come it lasts three hours but the sun is only blocked out for 7.5 minutes?

A

It is because the moon’s movement and the Earth’s rotation.

36
Q

What is the most common eclipse?

A

Lunar eclipse.

37
Q

If you were outside during a total solar eclipse what would it look like?

A

Like day has suddenly become night.

38
Q

When a solar eclipse happens who can see it?

A

Anyone who is in the moon’s shadow.

39
Q

If you stare directly at a solar eclipse what damage can be caused?

A

Eye damage.

40
Q

What are the 8 moon phases?

A

New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waxing crescent.

41
Q

What is a new moon?

A

A moon that isn’t very bright because it is in front of the sun and in front of the earth. Sun directs rays off the backside of it.

42
Q

What is a full moon?

A

The brightest fullest moon there is because the sun reflects the light off of it onto the Earth. The moon is on the far side of the Earth.

43
Q

What causes the moon to appear to change shape in the sky?

A

The moon changes appearances as a result of its changing position its position also is depending on the Earth and Sun.

44
Q

True or False? The moon produces its own light?

A

False the Sun reflects off the moon to produce light.

45
Q

What does waxing mean?

A

Increasing.

46
Q

What does waning mean?

A

Decreasing.

47
Q

How many days does it take to complete one phase cycle?

A

It takes 29 days because the Earth is moving around the Sun at the same time the Moon is moving as well. It takes two extra days to catch up and finish the complete orbit around the Earth. `

48
Q

What are the new appearances called with the Moon?

A

Phases.

49
Q

Which of the following phenomena never affects the moon’s phases?

A

The Earth’s rotation on its axis.

50
Q

Out of soil, sand, and water. Which heats up fastest and cools down fastest?

A

Sand and sand.

51
Q

Out of soil, sand, and water which one heats up the least and cooled off the slowest?

A

Water and water.

52
Q

How come in deserts it’s hot in day and really cold at night?

A

Sand heats quick during day and cools down quick after sun goes away.

53
Q

Would I expect temperatures by the lake to be different than away?

A

Cooler by day because it heats slower than land.

Science 7 Grade (13 decks)

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