Genetics and Heredity Flashcards
What is heredity?
The passing of traits from an organism to its offspring.
What is a hybrid trait?
A trait that has a dominant and recessive trait. Ex. - Tt
What is a dominant trait?
The stronger of the two genes.
What is a recessive trait?
The weaker of the two genes.
What is an allele?
Each version of a gene.
Who is know as the “Father of Genetics?”
Gregor Mendel
What is the Law of Segregation?
When the parent forms sex cells (sperm of eggs), the parent’s gene pair segregate, or separate. This process is known as the Law of Segregation. According to the Law of Segregation, one gene from each pair goes to each sex.
What is the genetic make-up and appearance of an offspring made through asexual reproduction?
The offspring is genetically identical. (only one parent needed)
What is a genotype?
The organisms genes. (inside body can not see)
What is a phenotype?
The appearance of an organism. (traits you can see)
What are genes carried on?
Chromosomes.
What do genes control the production of?
Proteins.
What directly determines your traits?
Proteins.
What percentage of your parents’ chromosomes do you inherit?
Half of their genes.
What is a mutation?
A change in a gene or chromosome.
What are some examples of helpful mutations?
Navel Oranges: Seedless and Juicer
What circumstance would cause a mutation to be passed down to the next generation?
Most of the mutations are in body cells and can’t be passed down to offspring. The only way a mutation would be passed down is if the mutations is in a sex cell.
How can a child’s traits be completely different than their parents?
The parents would have to be hybrids with a certain trait. On a punnet square 50% would be different from parents. Purebread would make them the same but different traits. The 25% would be the part that has different traits because those traits are recessive.
