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GEOLOGY BOARD EXAM REVIEWER > Earth Scientists > Flashcards

Earth Scientists Flashcards

1
Q

Proposed Neptunism origin of rocks and ore deposits

A

Abraham Werner

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2
Q

Named the divisions of Pangaea into Laurasia and Gondwanaland

A

Alexander du Toit

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3
Q

Proposed the model for the Earth’s Homogeneous Accretion

A

Alfred Edward Ringwood

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4
Q

Developed the bivariate Harker Diagrams in 1909 for discriminating silicates with major or minor oxide compounds

A

Alfred Harker

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5
Q

Along with Arthur Holmes, he developed the Continental Drift Theory

A

Alfred Wegener

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6
Q

Identified the Mohorovicic between the crust and mantle

A

Andrija Mohorovicic

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7
Q

Invented the artificial coral reefs

A

Angel Alcala

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8
Q

Along with Robert Wilson, first observed the cosmic wave background radiation

A

Arno Penzias

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9
Q

Invented the contact goniometer which is used to measure the interfacial angles of crystals

A

Arnould Carangeot

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10
Q

Known as the “Father of Geothermal Energy Development” in the Philippines

A

Arturo Alcaraz

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11
Q

Developed the Michel-Levy color chart for thin sections under the microscope

A

Auguste Michel-Lévy

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12
Q

Along with Fraseatus and Thomas Norton, believed that rays from heavenly bodies influenced mineralization

A

Aurelio Augurelli

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13
Q

Grouped the minerals as stones, sulfur minerals, metals and salts

A

Avicenna

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14
Q

Known as the “Founding Father of Paleontology”

A

Baron Georges Cuvier

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15
Q

Categorized 16 mineral groups as metals, stones and earth

A

Baron Georges Cuvier

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16
Q

Proposed the principle of Catastrophism

A

Baron Georges Cuvier

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17
Q

Along with Alexandre Brongniart, established the basic principle of
biostratigraphy, such as the stratigraphic succession of earth layers

A

Baron Georges Cuvier

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18
Q

Developed the chemical classification of minerals, along with his students

A

Baron Jons Jacob Berzelius

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19
Q

Identified the Gutenberg Discontinuity between the mantle and core

A

Beno Gutenburg

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20
Q

Proposed that veins are open fissures filled with minerals leached from the adjacent country rock

A

Carl Abraham Gerhard

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21
Q

Developed the first scale for relative mineral hardness in 1824, the Mohs Scale of Hardness

A

Carl Friedrich Christian Mohs

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22
Q

Pioneer of nuclear studies in the Philippines

A

Carlo Arcilla

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23
Q

Developed the Richter magnitude scale

A

Charles Francis Richter

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24
Q

Named the Ordovician period

A

Charles Lapworth

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25
Q

Popularized the principle of Uniformitarianism

A

Charles Lyell

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26
Q

Proposed the Law of Inclusion in Stratigraphy

A

Charles Lyell

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27
Q

Embellished the principle of Law of Cross-cutting Relationship

A

Charles Lyell

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28
Q

Along with Udden, developed the Wentworth-Udden grade scale for sediment grain sizes

A

Chester K. Wentworth

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29
Q

Developed the Mohr Circle

A

Christian Otto Mohr

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30
Q

Developed the Weiss parameters to describe crystal faces or planes and axes

A

Christian Samuel Weiss

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31
Q

Justified The Big Bang Theory by observing the Universe’s expansion

A

Edwin Hubble

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32
Q

First proposed the idea for the Nebular Hypothesis

A

Emanual Swedenborg

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33
Q

Tagether with Schoenflies and Barlov, developed the foundation of X-Ray crystallography founded on theories for the internal symmetry and order within minerals

A

Evgraf Fedorov

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34
Q

Introduced the process of “Gahrung”and “Faulniss” or Metamorphism, and Weathering, respectively

A

Fried. Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra

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35
Q

identified the six metamorphic zones named after him, the Barrovian zones

A

George Barrow

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36
Q

Developed the Airy’s Hypothesis in isostasy

A

Sir George Biddell Airy

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37
Q

First proposed The Big Bang Theory

A

Georges Lemaitre

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38
Q

Known as the “Father of Economic Geology”

A

Georgius Agricola

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39
Q

Published De Re Metallica Libri XII, the first systematic treatise on mining and smelting

A

Georgius Agricola

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40
Q

Developed the Mercalli intensity scale for measuring the relative strength of an earthquake

A

Giuseppe Mercalli

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41
Q

Developed the Wellman’s method in measuring strain In rocks

A

Harold Wellman

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42
Q

Developed the Hjulström’s diagram for sediment entrainment, transportation and deposition

A

Henning Filip Hjulström

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43
Q

Developed Darcy’s Law in 1856, a method to determine permeability

A

Henry Darcy

44
Q

Along with his wife, Leu Henry Hoover, published the English Translation of De Re Metallica Libri XII in 1912

A

Herbert Hoover

45
Q

Noted the occurrence of Gold in quartz veins

46
Q

Developed and published the theory on the Nebular Hypothesis in Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens in 1775

A

Immanuel Kant

47
Q

Identified the Lehmann Discontinuity between the outer and inner core

A

Inge Lehmann

48
Q

Observed the early evolution of Tetrapods in Valentia Island

A

Iwan Stossel

49
Q

Known as the “Father of Modern Geology”

A

James Hutton

50
Q

Formulated the principle of Uniformitarianism

A

James Hutton

51
Q

Proposed Plutonisim origin of rocks

A

James Hutton

52
Q

Formulated the principle of Law of Cross-cutting Relationship

A

James Hutton

53
Q

Introduced the idea that mineral veins are injected into the fissures they occupy in a molten state

A

James Hutton

54
Q

Developed the idea of Catastrophism

A

James Ussher

55
Q

First proposed the idea of the Oort Cloud in 1950

56
Q

Affirmed Steno’s work on the crystals’ angles, formulating the Law of the Consistency of Interfacial Angles

A

Jean-Baptistie Louis Rome de I’Lsle

57
Q

Along with Nicolas Desmarest, made the first geologic maps

A

Jean-Etienne Guettard

58
Q

First observed the volcanic origins of some of the parts of France

A

Jean-Etienne Guettard

59
Q

Believed in The Golden Tree, where minerals are thought to be branches from a tree within the Earth

A

Johann Gottlob Lehmann

60
Q

Dismissed the idea that planets influenced mineralization

A

Johann Joachin Becher

61
Q

Developed the Pratt’s Theory in isostasy

A

John Henry Pratt

62
Q

Known as the “Father of Philippine Geology”

A

Jose Feliciano

63
Q

Formulated the Gibbs’ Phase rule in 1928 to govern the number of phases in equilibrium

A

Josiah Willard Gibbs

64
Q

First animal in space

65
Q

Established five rules, the Pauling’s rules, for cation-anion relationships

A

Linus Pauling

66
Q

Initiated the immersion of method for optical mineralogy, and had the mineral Cordierite named after him

A

Louis Cordier

67
Q

Created the first detailed map of the ocean floor

A

Marie Tharp

68
Q

Suggested the idea for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)

A

Max Von Laue

69
Q

First man to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 17

A

Neil Armstrong

70
Q

Developed three basic principles in Stratigraphy: Law of Original Horizontality, Law of Superposition, and Law of Lateral Continuity

A

Nicolas Steno

71
Q

First established the Law of Cross-cutting Relationship

A

Nicolas Steno

72
Q

Observed constant angles between corresponding faces of crystals

A

Nicolas Steno

73
Q

Known as the “Father of Modern Petrology”

A

Norman L. Bowen

74
Q

Early proponent in fractional crystallization and developed the Bowen’s
Reaction Series in 1910

A

Norman L. Bowen

75
Q

Formulated the Reynolds’ number to describe fluid flow

A

Osborne Reynolds

76
Q

First predicted the cosmic wave background radiation

A

Ralph Asher Alpher

77
Q

Handled the 1990 Luzon Earthquake and the 1991 Pinatubo Eruption

A

Raymundo Santiago Punongbayan

78
Q

Discovered soft-bodied impressions of animals during the Avalon
Explosion

A

Reginald Claude Sprigg

79
Q

Observed crystals to have been built by smaller identical building blocks called integral molecules, and developed the Theory of Rational Indices
for Crystal Faces

A

Rene J. Hauy

80
Q

Made the first 24-hour weather forecast on August 1, 1861

A

Robert Fitzroy

81
Q

Established the Hooke’s Law for elastic relationship of rocks, naming an elastic behavior as Hookean behavior after him

A

Robert Hooke

82
Q

Developed the Dunham’s classification in 1962 recognizing six major
varieties of carbonate rocks

A

Robert J. Dunham

83
Q

Developed the Folk’s classification in 1959 recognizing four major types of grains or allochems in carbonate rocks

A

Robert L. Folk

84
Q

Known as the “Father of Philippine Stratigraphy”

A

Rolando Peña

85
Q

Established the Goldich’s rules and Goldich’s series, an inverted Bowen’s series, in 1938 for mineral stability

A

Samuel S. Goldich

86
Q

Introduced the idea of magmatic segregation to form minerals

A

Scipione Breislak

87
Q

Hypothesized land formation through inland marine fossils, soil erosion and
deposition of silt

A

Shen Kuo / Shen Kua

88
Q

Interpretation of fossils

A

Theophrastus

89
Q

First written work on minerals

A

Theophrastus

90
Q

Proposed that Metals and Gur are made due to the interaction of “seeds” and water

A

Thomas Sherley

91
Q

Developed the Young’s modulus of elasticity describing the stress-strain relationship of materials

A

Thomas Young

92
Q

Wrote the earliest book on ore deposits

A

Ulrich Rulein von Kalbe

93
Q

Described the inclined seismic zone, independently along with Kiyoo Wadati, called the Wadati-Benioff Zone

A

Victor Hugo Benioff

94
Q

Proposed The Planetesimal Theory in 1941

A

Victor Safronov

95
Q

Published the book Mineral Deposits and made the Lindgren classification of deposits

A

Waldemar Lindgren

96
Q

Formulated the Snell’s Law for the relationship of angle of incidence and
angle of reflection

A

Willebrord Snellius

97
Q

Developed the Miller indices for crystallographic planes

A

William Hallowes Miller

98
Q

Together with William Lawrence Bragg, wrote the earliest publication on crystal structure determinations

A

Sir William Henry Bragg

99
Q

Invented the reflecting goniometer which allows highly accurate or precise measurements of the position of crystal faces, and had the mineral Wollastonite named after him

A

William Hyde Wollaston

100
Q

Proposed the Davisian geomorphology or Davis’ Theory

A

William Morris Davis

101
Q

Developed the Cycle of Erosion Model

A

William Morris Davis

102
Q

Invented the polarizing microscope

A

William Nicol

103
Q

Known as the “Father of English Geology”

A

William Smith

104
Q

Established Law of Faunal Succession

A

William Smith

105
Q

Coined the term Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism

A

William Whewell

GEOLOGY BOARD EXAM REVIEWER (17 decks)

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