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Earth Science > Earth Science Final Exam > Flashcards

Earth Science Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q 
Which of the following is NOT one of the main areas of
Earth science?
a.	geology
b.	oceanography
c.	astrology
d.	astronomy
A

c. astrology

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2
Q 
Which of Earth’s spheres includes the oceans, groundwater,
lakes, and glaciers?
a.	atmosphere
b.	biosphere
c.	hydrosphere
d.	geosphere
A

c. hydrosphere

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3
Q 
Which of the following is an environmental hazard created
by humans?
a.	air pollution
b.	flood
c.	hurricane
d.	drought
A

a. air pollution

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4
Q

Which particles make up atoms?

a. protons, neutrons, electrons
b. protons, electrons, nuclei
c. electrons, neutrons, ions
d. neutrons, electrons, molecules

A

a. protons, neutrons, electrons

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5
Q

Which of the following is an element?

a. water
b. hydrogen
c. air
d. carbon dioxide

A

b. hydrogen

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6
Q

Which of these is a mineral?

a. oxygen
b. diamond
c. sulfuric acid
d. wood

A

b. diamond

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7
Q

A mineral CANNOT be

a. solid.
b. formed from once-living material.
c. naturally occurring.
d. light in color.

A

b. formed from once-living material.

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8
Q 
When carbonate minerals come into contact with
hydrochloric acid, they
a.	break.
b.	fizz.
c.	freeze.
d.	evaporate.
A

b. fizz.

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9
Q

The Mohs scale measures

a. density of a mineral.
b. a mineral’s hardness.
c. the luster of a mineral.
d. a mineral’s type of crystalline structure.

A

b. a mineral’s hardness.

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10
Q 
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of
rock?
a.	igneous
b.	sedimentary
c.	magma
d.	metamorphic
A

c. magma

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11
Q

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to
arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks
with a
a. porphyritic texture.
b. coarse-grained texture.
c. glassy texture.
d. fine-grained texture.

A

c. glassy texture.

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12
Q

Which of the following represents the correct order of the
processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary
rocks?
a. erosion, weathering, compaction, cementation, deposition
b. compaction, cementation, deposition, weathering, erosion
c. deposition, cementation, compaction, erosion, weathering
d. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

A

d. weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

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13
Q

Limestone is an example of

a. a clastic sedimentary rock.
b. a conglomerate.
c. a biochemical sedimentary rock.
d. breccia.

A

c. a biochemical sedimentary rock.

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14
Q 
Which agent of metamorphism can cause the overall
composition of the rock to change?
a.	hydrothermal solutions
b.	heat
c.	pressure
d.	time
A

a. hydrothermal solutions

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

a. coal
b. natural gas
c. oil
d. uranium

A

d. uranium

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16
Q

Renewable resources

a. can be replenished over months, years, or decades.
b. are all living resources.
c. have finite supplies that will one day be used up.
d. include iron, gas, and copper.

A

a. can be replenished over months, years, or decades.

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17
Q

Which of the following is a nonmetallic mineral resource?

a. wood
b. iron
c. coal
d. aggregate

A

d. aggregate

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18
Q

The advantages of solar energy include the fact that it is

a. nonrenewable.
b. nonpolluting.
c. expensive.
d. absent at night.

A

b. nonpolluting.

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19
Q

The fuel for nuclear fission in nuclear reactors is

a. petroleum.
b. carbon.
c. uranium.
d. hydrogen.

A

c. uranium.

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20
Q

Hydroelectric power is produced by

a. falling water that turns a turbine.
b. tides that pour through a dam barrier.
c. hot water that comes from deep underground.
d. electric current that flows across a dam.

A

a. falling water that turns a turbine.

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21
Q

What is the source of geothermal energy?

a. sunlight heating surface waters
b. the splitting of atoms to release energy
c. natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water
d. very hot minerals deep underground

A

c. natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water

22
Q

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 has
a. decreased the amount of recycling.
b. encouraged the use of compost.
c. decreased the illegal and unsafe dumping of hazardous
waste.
d. cut down the use of fossil-fuel resources.

A

c. decreased the illegal and unsafe dumping of hazardous

waste.

23
Q

The process that occurs when physical forces break rock
into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical
composition is called
a. exfoliation.
b. mechanical weathering.
c. chemical weathering.
d. erosion.

A

b. mechanical weathering.

24
Q 
Which of the following weathering processes involves the
constant freezing and thawing of water?
a.	unloading
b.	exfoliation
c.	frost wedging
d.	spheroidal weathering
A

c. frost wedging

25
Q

When a rock is exposed to chemical weathering, it

a. changes into one or more new compounds.
b. breaks into tiny pieces.
c. splits.
d. loses its outer layers.

A

a. changes into one or more new compounds.

26
Q 
Rock features such as the sculpted pinnacles seen in Bryce
Canyon National Park are the result of
a.	exfoliation.
b.	differential weathering.
c.	chemical weathering.
d.	uploading.
A

b. differential weathering.

27
Q

The main source of organic matter in soil is

a. water.
b. bacteria.
c. fungi.
d. plants.

A

d. plants.

28
Q

Over-steepened slopes often lead to mass movements
because
a. the angle of their slope is between 50 and 60 degrees.
b. plants cannot grow on them.
c. the angle of their slope is less than 50 degrees.
d. the angle of their slope is greater than 40 degrees.

A

d. the angle of their slope is greater than 40 degrees.

29
Q 
A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a
block of material is called a
a.	rockfall.
b.	slide.
c.	slump.
d.	flow.
A

b. slide.

30
Q

The water cycle is the

a. distribution of drinking water on Earth.
b. unending circulation of Earth’s water supply.
c. the recycling of water after industrial use.
d. the evaporation of water from Earth’s surface.

A

b. unending circulation of Earth’s water supply.

31
Q

Balance in the water cycle means that
a. the average annual precipitation over Earth equals the
amount of water that evaporates.
b. water that falls to Earth only enters oceans.
c. the amount of water that falls to Earth weighs the same as
the amount that condenses in clouds.
d. water that evaporates from Earth’s surface remains
forever in the atmosphere.

A

a. the average annual precipitation over Earth equals the

amount of water that evaporates.

32
Q

A stream’s discharge

a. decreases between its source and mouth.
b. remains the same throughout its course.
c. is greatest during times of drought.
d. increases between its source and mouth.

A

d. increases between its source and mouth.

33
Q

One major cause of floods is

a. rapid spring snowmelt.
b. a decrease in stream discharge.
c. light rain over a large area.
d. increased capacity of stream channels.

A

a. rapid spring snowmelt.

34
Q

Groundwater is found underground in the zone of

a. aeration.
b. porosity.
c. saturation.
d. sediment.

A

c. saturation.

35
Q

Which of the following is true about ice sheets?

a. They are the smallest type of glacier.
b. They flow in all directions.
c. They usually flow down valleys.
d. They are found only in high mountain areas.

A

b. They flow in all directions.

36
Q

Where is almost two thirds of Earth’s fresh water located?

a. the Arctic Ice Sheet
b. the Great Lakes
c. the Antarctic Ice Sheet
d. the Atlantic Ocean

A

c. the Antarctic Ice Sheet

37
Q 
What is the loosening and lifting of blocks of rock
by glaciers?
a.	plucking
b.	wastage
c.	abrasion
d.	 till
A

a. plucking

38
Q

In the desert, ephemeral streams

a. run continuously, although the amount of flow varies.
b. run only after it rains.
c. are actually dried stream beds that no longer carry water.
d. carry water underground.

A

b. run only after it rains.

39
Q

What causes the rust-colored tint of some desert landscapes?

a. chemical weathering
b. mechanical weathering
c. flash flooding
d. the intense heat of the sun

A

a. chemical weathering

40
Q

Over time, how do sand dunes tend to migrate?

a. perpendicular to the movement of the wind
b. in the same direction as the wind blows
c. toward the wind
d. in random directions

A

b. in the same direction as the wind blows

41
Q

What is a fault?
a. a place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur
b. a fracture in Earth where movement has occurred
c. the place on Earth’s surface where structures move
during an earthquake
d. another name for an earthquake

A

b. a fracture in Earth where movement has occurred

42
Q

What is an earthquake’s epicenter?

a. the place on the surface directly above the focus
b. a spot halfway between the focus and the surface
c. the spot below the focus
d. any spot along the nearest fault

A

a. the place on the surface directly above the focus

43
Q

Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release
of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to
great forces?
a. kinetic
b. thermal
c. elastic
d. mechanical

A

c. elastic

44
Q

A seismogram shows that P waves travel

a. at the same speed as surface waves.
b. more slowly than S waves.
c. at the same speed as S waves.
d. faster than S waves.

A

d. faster than S waves.

45
Q

Where do most earthquakes occur?

a. in the mountains of Africa
b. around the edge of the Pacific Ocean
c. around the edge of the Atlantic Ocean
d. on the western lowlands of Europe

A

b. around the edge of the Pacific Ocean

46
Q

Liquefaction occurs when
a. large waves wash over coastal areas and destroy
structures.
b. earthquakes occur in the ocean and damage ships at sea.
c. loose, saturated soil turns into liquid that can’t support
buildings.
d. mud slides downhill and buries buildings.

A

c. loose, saturated soil turns into liquid that can’t support
buildings.

47
Q 
A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at
a fault under
a.	a mountain range.
b.	the San Andreas Fault.
c.	the ocean floor.
d.	a small inland lake.
A

c. the ocean floor.

48
Q 
Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock
on slopes to move and cause a
a.	fault.
b.	landslide.
c.	tsunami.
d.	sinkhole.
A

b. landslide.

49
Q

The Earth’s core is made of an alloy of

a. iron and nickel.
b. copper and iron.
c. zinc and magnesium.
d. iron and zinc.

A

a. iron and nickel.

50
Q

The continental crust is made largely of

a. gneiss.
b. granite.
c. basalt.
d. limestone.

A

b. granite.

Earth Science (10 decks)

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