Chapter 3 Rocks Flashcards
This is true about rocks. Most rocks are a _____.
mixture of minerals
The three types of rocks are _______.
igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
Metamorphic rock forms as a result of
heat and pressure
All of the energy that drives Earth’s rock cycle comes from
Earth’s interior and the sun.
The _________ includes magma or lava cooling; extreme heat and pressure form metamorphic rocks; and rocks at Earth’s surface are broken down into smaller pieces.
rock cycle
A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an
intrusive igneous rock
Rhyolite is an example of an
extrusive igneous rock
Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form igneous rocks with a
glassy texture
A certain igneous rock contains about 25 percent dark silicate minerals. The remainder of the rock is mostly plagioclase feldspar. What type of composition does this igneous rock have?
andesitic
A conglomerate is a rock that forms as a result of
rapid cooling
The correct order of the processes responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks.
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation
A clastic sedimentary rock with angular particles
breccia
Limestone is an example of
a biochemical sedimentary rock
Fossils are found only in
sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks with ripple marks suggest that the rocks formed
along a beach or stream bed
Most metamorphic processes take place
a few kilometers below Earth’s surface
What rock-forming process occurs when hot magma forces its way into rock?
contact metamorphism
Which agent of metamorphism can cause the overall composition of the rock to change?
hydrothermal solutions
A _______ forms when crystals combine and form visible bands.
foliated metamorphic rock
A metamorphic rock can be classified according to its
texture and composition
A _____ is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally.
rock
Rocks are generally classified as igneous, _______, or metamorphic.
sedimentary
Because of the processes that take place within the _______, rocks can change from one type to another.
rock cycle
__________ rocks form when magma or lava hardens and cools.
igneous
The rock cycle is driven internally by _______ from Earth’s interior and externally by energy from the sun.
heat
Intrusive igneous rocks form when _______ hardens and cools.
magma
Extrusive igneous rocks form when _______ hardens and cools.
lava
Slow cooling produces igneous rocks with large crystals and a _________ texture.
course-grained
An igneous rock that contains mostly pyroxene and olivine has an ________ composition.
ultramafic
Granite is an example of an _______ igneous rock that forms deep beneath Earth’s surface.
intrusive
Igneous rocks such as obsidian have a _______ texture and are formed when lava cools so rapidly that ions are randomly distributed.
glassy
_______ composition refers to rocks with many dark silicate minerals and plagioclase feldspar.
Basaltic
During the erosion and deposition processes, sediments that are _______ in size will be carried and deposited the greatest distances.
smallest
Because of the way they form, limestone and chert are classified as _______ sedimentary rocks.
chemical
Large-scale folding of rock during the process of mountain building is a characteristic of a _______ metamorphism setting.
regional
