Chapter 6 Running Water and Groundwater Flashcards

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1
Q

The water cycle is the

A

unending circulation of Earth’s water supply.

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2
Q

Balance in the water cycle means that

A

the average annual precipitation over Earth equals the

amount of water that evaporates.

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3
Q

The ability of a stream to erode and transport material

depends largely on its

A

velocity.

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4
Q

A stream’s discharge

A

increases between its source and mouth.

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5
Q

Base level is

A

the lowest point to which a stream can erode its channel.

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6
Q

Most streams carry the largest part of their load

A

in suspension.

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7
Q

A depositional feature that forms where a stream enters a

lake or an ocean is a

A

delta.

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8
Q

The most prominent features of a narrow V-shaped valley

where the stream profile drops quickly are

A

rapids and waterfalls.

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9
Q

A floodplain forms where a stream

A

cuts mainly side to side.

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10
Q

One major cause of floods is

A

rapid spring snowmelt.

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11
Q

Limiting development on floodplains is effective because it

A

allows floodplains to absorb floodwaters with little harm

to structures.

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12
Q

A drainage basin is

A

the land that contributes water to a stream.

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13
Q

Groundwater is found underground in the zone of

A

saturation.

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14
Q

Springs form where

A

the water table intersects the ground surface.

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15
Q

Permeable rock layers or sediments that freely transmit

groundwater are

A

aquifers.

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16
Q
Which of the following is NOT a major source of
groundwater pollution?
a.	sewage
b.	compost
c.	pesticides
d.	industrial chemicals
A

b. compost

17
Q

A cavern is an underground chamber formed by

A

erosion.

18
Q
Which of these landforms is NOT common in an area of
karst topography?
a.	sinkhole
b.	stalagmite
c.	cavern
d.	canyon
A

d. canyon

19
Q

Which type of rock usually underlies a karst landscape?

A

limestone

20
Q

Sinkholes can form when

A

rainwater containing carbon dioxide dissolves

underground rock.

21
Q

The water cycle gets its energy from the

A

Sun

22
Q

Most of Earth’s water is contained in its

A

oceans

23
Q

Most freshwater on Earth is in

A

glaciers.

24
Q

Groundwater makes up __________ percent of Earth’s

water.

A

0.62

25
Q

In order to maintain Earth’s water balance, evaporation exceeds
precipitation over __________, but precipitation exceeds
evaporation over __________.

A

oceans

land or continents

26
Q

The factors that determine the velocity of a stream are its
__________, __________, and the shape, size,
and roughness of its channel.

A

gradient

discharge

27
Q

The stream __________ is the course the water in the

stream follows.

A

channel

28
Q

The volume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit
of time is the stream’s __________.

A

discharge

29
Q

Streams erode their channels by abrasion, __________,

and by dissolving soluble material.

A

grinding

30
Q

A stream’s __________ load is the part of its load that

it carries in solution.

A

dissolved

31
Q

Streams that flow over floodplains often move in wide curves

called __________.

A

meanders

32
Q

The ability of a stream to carry a load is determined by its

__________.

A

capacity

33
Q

Artificial levees and dams are structures used to control

__________.

A

flooding

34
Q

An imaginary line called a(n) __________separates the

drainage basin of one stream from another.

A

divide

35
Q

An intermittent hot spring in which a column of water shoots up
with great force at various intervals is a(n) __________.

A

geyser

36
Q

A(n) __________ well is one in which groundwater rises

on its own under pressure.

A

artesian

37
Q

Ions of calcium and iron that move from adjacent rock into
groundwater can make the water __________ and
unable to form soapsuds.

A

hard

38
Q

Caverns form at or below the water table in the zone of saturation,
but dripstone features in caverns form above the water table in the
zone of __________.

A

aeration