Chapter 7 Glaciers, Deserts, and Wind

Question 1

Which of the following is true about ice sheets?

a. They are the smallest type of glacier.
b. They flow in all directions.
c. They usually flow down valleys.
d. They are found only in high mountain areas.

Answer 1

b. They flow in all directions.

Question 2

Where is almost two thirds of Earth’s fresh water located?

a. the Arctic Ice Sheet
b. the Great Lakes
c. the Antarctic Ice Sheet
d. the Atlantic Ocean

Answer 2

c. the Antarctic Ice Sheet

Question 3

In a flowing glacier,
a. the lower ice layer is brittle, while the upper layer moves
over Earth’s surface.
b. the entire glacier moves as a unit over Earth’s surface.
c. the uppermost ice layer is more brittle than the
underlying layer.
d. there are no crevasses.

Answer 3

c. the uppermost ice layer is more brittle than the

underlying layer.

Question 4

One characteristic of glacial movement is that
a. all glaciers, regardless of size, move at about the
same rate.
b. new snowfall accumulates in a zone at the bottom
of the glacier.
c. the zone of wastage is at the top of the glacier.
d. how the glacier moves depends on the balance between
accumulation and wastage.

Answer 4

d. how the glacier moves depends on the balance between

accumulation and wastage.

Question 5

What is the loosening and lifting of blocks of rock
by glaciers?
a.	plucking
b.	wastage
c.	abrasion
d.	 till

Answer 5

a. plucking

Question 6

What is a bowl-shaped depression at the head of a
glacial valley?
a.	glacial trough
b.	arête
c.	horn
d.	cirque

Answer 6

d. cirque

Question 7

What is material deposited directly by a glacier?

a. a kettle
b. a drumlin
c. till
d. stratified drift

Answer 7

c. till

Question 8

Eskers are glacial features formed when
a. blocks of stagnant ice become buried in drift and
eventually melt.
b. sediment is deposited in a broad ramp-like accumulation
downstream from the end moraine.
c. streams flowing in tunnels beneath glaciers deposit sand
and gravel.
d. large amounts of debris are deposited along the sides
of a glacial valley.

Answer 8

c. streams flowing in tunnels beneath glaciers deposit sand

and gravel.

Question 9

In the desert, ephemeral streams

a. run continuously, although the amount of flow varies.
b. run only after it rains.
c. are actually dried stream beds that no longer carry water.
d. carry water underground.

Answer 9

b. run only after it rains.

Question 10

What causes the rust-colored tint of some desert landscapes?

a. chemical weathering
b. mechanical weathering
c. flash flooding
d. the intense heat of the sun

Answer 10

a. chemical weathering

Question 11

Why is rock weathering generally reduced in the desert
environment?
a. Rocks are very scarce in deserts.
b. Most rocks are buried deep within the soil.
c. Moisture is lacking and organic acids are scarce.
d. The soil is so well developed.

Answer 11

c. Moisture is lacking and organic acids are scarce.

Question 12

Desert pavement is created as a result of

a. abrasion.
b. deflation.
c. blowouts.
d. water erosion.

Answer 12

b. deflation.

Question 13

Deflation affected the Dust Bowl in the 1930s by

a. creating rock pinnacles.
b. building up sand dunes.
c. depositing loess.
d. lowering the land.

Answer 13

d. lowering the land.

Question 14

Abrasion changes the desert surface by

a. creating blowouts.
b. cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces.
c. depositing loess across the landscape.
d. creating a stony surface layer.

Answer 14

b. cutting and polishing exposed rock surfaces.

Question 15

What causes abrasion in a desert?

a. wind
b. flowing water
c. humidity
d. friction from rocks

Answer 15

a. wind

Question 16

Windblown silt that blankets a landscape is called

a. a blowout.
b. a sand dune.
c. desert pavement.
d. loess.

Answer 16

d. loess.

Question 17

When wind creates a sand dune, the sheltered side
of the dune
a. forms a gentle incline.
b. has the same incline as the windward side.
c. is steeper than the windward side.
d. continues to rise higher than the windward side.

Answer 17

c. is steeper than the windward side.

Question 18

Over time, how do sand dunes tend to migrate?

a. perpendicular to the movement of the wind
b. in the same direction as the wind blows
c. toward the wind
d. in random directions

Answer 18

b. in the same direction as the wind blows

Question 19

What is a sand dune that forms scalloped rows of sand
at right angles to the wind?
a.	star dunes
b.	transverse dunes
c.	parabolic dunes
d.	barchanoid dunes

Answer 19

d. barchanoid dunes

Question 20

The shape of star dunes is mostly due to

a. the amount of vegetation.
b. wind direction.
c. wind speed.
d. the amount of sand.

Answer 20

b. wind direction.

Question 21

The small glaciers that exist in high mountainous areas are called

Answer 21

valley glaciers

Question 22

The only ____________ that exist today are found covering

Greenland and Antarctica.

Answer 22

ice sheets

Question 23

The way a glacier moves depends on the balance, or lack of

balance, between __________ and wastage.

Answer 23

accumulation

Question 24

In the ___________ process, glaciers smooth and polish

the bedrock below, creating a pulverized substance called rock flour.

Answer 24

abrasion

Question 25

A U-shaped __________ results after a glacier moves

through a narrow V-shaped valley.

Answer 25

glacial trough

Question 26

____________ is unsorted sediment laid down by glacial

meltwater.

Answer 26

Stratified drift

Question 27

A broad, ramp-like accumulation of sediment called a(n) ____________
is found downstream from the end moraine of a glacier.

Answer 27

outwash plain

Question 28

The __________ Lakes are lowlands that glaciers eroded

and transformed into wide, deep basins.

Answer 28

Great

Question 29

In desert areas, ___________ streams can cause a great

deal of erosion in a very short period of time.

Answer 29

ephemeral

Question 30

A(n) ____________ is a cone of debris left at the mouth

of a desert canyon.

Answer 30

alluvial fan

Question 31

Loose particles such as clay and silt are lifted and removed from
the desert surface by a process called ___________.

Answer 31

deflation

Question 32

Desert rock surfaces are cut and polished by windblown sand

in the ____________ process.

Answer 32

abrasion

Question 33

The color of the Yellow River in China is produced by abundant
deposits of buff-colored sediments called ____________.

Answer 33

loess

Question 34

Most sand dunes have a gently sloping ____________ side

and a steeper ____________ side.

Answer 34

windward

sheltered

Question 35

The “sand seas” found in the Sahara are ____________
dunes because they form perpendicular to the direction of
the wind.

Answer 35

transverse