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science > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Minerals

A

A natural solid substance that is found under the earths crust.

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer-most part of the earths four layers, and is rigged.

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3
Q

Magma

A

A thick liquid which shoots out of volcanoes,.

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4
Q

Sediments

A

An object that falls to the bottom of a liquid.

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5
Q

Lava

A

A liquid with the consistency of water but is much hotter than it.

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6
Q

Igneous

A

A rock that has solidified from magma or lava

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7
Q

Intrusive

A

A rock that has solidified in the Earths crust

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8
Q

Extrusive

A

A rock that has solidified after an eruption of a volcano

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9
Q

Batholith

A

A very large igneous rock that has solidified under the Earths crust

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10
Q

Abrasive

A

A substance that is able polish a hard surface by grinding it

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11
Q

Moh’s Scale

A

A scale invented by a scientist by the name of Moh to measure the hardness of an object

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12
Q

Streak

A

Is when you strike a mineral against a surface and the colour it leaves behind

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13
Q

Lustre

A

Is the amount of light that it reflects

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14
Q

Sandstone

A

Is formed by compacted sand

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15
Q

Shale

A

Is made out of layers of clay

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16
Q

Mudstone

A

Is made out of mud

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17
Q

Siltstone

A

Is made out of silt

18
Q

Coal

A

Is made out of dead organisms

19
Q

Limestone

A

Is made out dead sea organisms

20
Q

Rock Salt

A

Is made out of evaporation of salty water

21
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

22
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure

23
Q

Slate

A

A fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

24
Q

Marble

A

A metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

25
Q

Gneiss

A

A coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

26
Q

Sedimentary rock

A

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.

27
Q

erosion

A

the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

28
Q

floodplain

A

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

29
Q

moraines

A

deposit left by movement of a glacier

30
Q

conglomerate

A

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

31
Q

mineral ores

A

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

32
Q

mining

A

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

33
Q

EIS

A

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

34
Q

rehabilitated

A

restored to its previous condition

35
Q

overburden

A

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

36
Q

open cut mining

A

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

37
Q

underground mining

A

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

38
Q

stone age

A

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

39
Q

alloy

A

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

40
Q

flint

A

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

41
Q

percussion flaking

A

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools

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