cells

Question 1

microscope

Answer 1

an instrument for viewing small objects

Question 2

cell

Answer 2

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

Question 3

magnification

Answer 3

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system. For example, a magnification of two means the object has been enlarged to twice its actual size.

Question 4

unicellular

Answer 4

describes an organism having only one cell

Question 5

multicellular

Answer 5

having many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

Question 6

micrometre

Answer 6

a length of one millionth of a metre

Question 7

prokaryotic

Answer 7

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

Question 8

eukaryotic

Answer 8

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

Question 9

cell membrane

Answer 9

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

Question 11

nucleus

Answer 11

the central and most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth.

Question 12

robosome

Answer 12

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

Question 13

mitochodria

Answer 13

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

Question 14

chloroplast

Answer 14

oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 15

photosynthesis

Answer 15

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

Question 16

chlorophyll

Answer 16

the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Question 17

stomata

Answer 17

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

Question 18

skin

Answer 18

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

Question 19

tumor

Answer 19

an abnormal growth

Question 20

benign

Answer 20

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

Question 21

malignant

Answer 21

describes a type of tumour that damages cells and can spread to other parts of the body

Question 22

cell wall

Answer 22

protects the cell

Question 23

vacuole

Answer 23

a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 24

guard cell

Answer 24

each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma

Question 25

xylem cell

Answer 25

plant vascular tissue that conveys water and dissolved minerals from the roots

Question 26

phloem cell

Answer 26

issues in plants that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant

Question 27

leaf cell

Answer 27

any cell found in a leaf

Question 28

epidermal cell

Answer 28

hat is a precursor of a melanocyte

Question 29

root hair cell

Answer 29

a hair forming cell on the epidermis of a plant

Question 30

mitosis

Answer 30

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number

Question 31

DNA

Answer 31

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms

Question 32

chromosomes

Answer 32

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids

Question 33

cytokinesis

Answer 33

he cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis

Question 34

binary fission

Answer 34

is the division of a single entity into two or more parts

Question 35

independent variable

Answer 35

a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another

Question 36

dependent variable

Answer 36

a variable whose value depends on that of another

Question 37

controlled variable

Answer 37

a variable which is constant and unchanged throughout the course of the investigation