Earth Science Flashcards
Evaporation
the process of changing liquid to water vapor
Condensation
the process of water vapor turning into liquid water
Precipitation
any form of water that falls to earth
Weathering
the breaking up of earth materials into smaller pieces
What causes weathering?
a) Water, when it flows in rivers and streams and oceans it carries rock, soil, and sand.
b) Ice, when water falls in cracks and freezes becoming ice and it forces the sides of the rock break apart.
c) Temperature changes, makes rock surface to grow when hot and become smaller when cold. When temperature changes so many times it makes the rock surface weak and break.
d) Living things, like plants grow in cracks in a rock. the plants get bigger making the roots bigger and causing the rock to split.
How do weathered materials move?
Through a process called erosion. Water, ice, gravity and wind work together to move weathered rocks.
a) Moving water erodes martial from land. a fast moving stream can carry eroded materials a long way.
b) Ice, large glaciers can carry rocks,, and when they melt, they can break.
c) Gravity, it pulls materials downward.
Erosion
the carrying of weathered pieces of rock by water, ice, wind, and gravity
Deposition
the laying down of pieces of rock after being eroded. waves can carry rocks from one shoreline and exposit them on another place on the beach.
Natural Resources
things found in nature that are useful to people
What are the types of natural resources?
Renewable and nonrenewable.
Renewable natural resources can be replaced like energy from the sun, water, oxygen, plants, and animals.
Nonrenewable natural resources are supplies found in limited amounts and are used faster than they can be replaced like fossil fuels (oil, coal natural gas)
Fossil Fuels
things (coal, natural gas, oil) that were made from organisms that lived long ago.
They are fuels because they are burnt to create useful energy
Earthquake
sudden movement that causes earth’s crust to shake
Volcano
a weak spot in earth’s crust where magma is forced upward and reaches the surface
How can resources last longer?
By conservation and recycling.
Conservation
using only the resources you need in the best way possible
Recycling
saving, collecting, and reusing materials again instead of turning them into waste
Weather
is a day-to-day change in temperature, wind, precipitation, and other conditions in the atmosphere
Climate
is the usual year after year weather
What effects weather condition?
Temperature, air pressure, and water effect weather conditions
What does a thermometer measure?
It measures air temperature, but there are other tools to tell about the weather today and predict future weather.
What does a barometer measure?
a barometer measures air pressure
What happens when the air pressure is low and high?
When air pressure is low, the weather is often damp and cloudy.
When air pressure is high, the weather is usually clear and dry.
The high pressure of the air pushes the water vapor into the atmosphere. This is why it is clear and bright on a high pressure day.
Are wind speed and direction measured?
yes, wind speed and direction are measured by special tools.
What is humidity? Is it measured?
Humidity is water vapor in the air and it effects weather. yes, humidity is measured.
How does Earth’s crust surface wear away?
Earth’s crust wears away in a process called weathering.
How can Earth’s surface change rapidly?
Volcanos and earthquackes cause large, rapid changes to earthe’s surface.
Volcanic eruptions can prodice rock and ash. Ash can cover huge areas killing trees and wildlife. Clouds of gases and ash can cover sunlight, whch affect animal and plant life.
Earthquakes can be very powerful and damage buildings, roads, and bridges. Water earthquakes cause tsunamis.
