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First Summative Exam > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q

consists of protons, electrons, and neutrons

A

Baryonic Matter

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2
Q

source of anti-gravity and causes the universe to expand

A

Dark Energy

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3
Q

matter that has gravity but does not emit light

A

Dark Matter

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4
Q

early stage in the formation of a star resulting from the gravitational collapse of gases

A

Protostar

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5
Q

stars that fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores

A

Main sequence stars

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6
Q

outward pressure resulting from nuclear fusion is balanced by gravitational forces

A

Main sequence stars

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7
Q

distance light can travel in a year

A

Light Years

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8
Q

Light Year

A

9.46 trillion km/yr

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9
Q

the universe is composed of

A

4.6 baryonic matter
24% and 71.4% dark energy

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10
Q

the two most abundant elements in the universe

A

Hydrogen and Helium

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11
Q

has thousands of galaxies

A

Cluster

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12
Q

has thousands of clusters

A

Supercluster

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13
Q

between clusters is __

A

empty space

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14
Q

at a large scale, the universe appears ___ and ___

A

homogenous and isotropic

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15
Q

who discovered the Red Shift

A

Edwin Hubble (1929)

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16
Q

the evidence for an expanding universe

A

The Red Shift

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17
Q

they believed the world arose from an infinite sea at the first rising of the sun

A

Ancient Egyptians

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18
Q

they believed that Mbombo felt an intense stomach pain and vomited the stars, sun and moon

A

Kuba Tribe in Central Africa

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19
Q

this theory’s strength is that it shows the First Cause of all things

A

Creation Theory

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20
Q

the theory’s strengths are:

the red shift
abundance of H, He, Li
the CMBR

A

Big Bang Theory

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21
Q

The 2 Eras of the Big Bang

A

Radiation Era
Matter Era

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22
Q

What epoch are we currently in?

A

The Stellar Epoch

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23
Q

Who proposed the Big Bang Theory?

A

Georges Lemaître (1927)

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24
Q

What is the Big Bang also called?

A

The Hypothesis of the Primeval Atom

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25
an extremely dense and hot state that blew up and continues to expand today
Big Bang Theory
26
the theory maintains that new matter is created as the universe expands thereby maintaining its density dynamic yet unchanging
Steady State Theory
27
Who created the Steady-State Theory
Bondi, Gould, Hoyle (1948)
28
universe following an eternal series of oscillations and would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back in and undergo a bounce
Oscillating Theory
29
the gravitational attraction of all matter will cause the universe to collapse and undergo a bounce
Big Crunch
30
Who theorized the Oscillating Theory
Albert Einstein (1930)
31
heat death
Big Freeze
32
a large celestial body composed of gas and emits light
Star
33
large collection of stars, gas, dust
Galaxy
34
space and all the matter and energy in it
Universe
35
absorbs harmful solar radiation and other gases that keep Earth warm enough for life to exist
Ozone Layer
36
what causes the Ozone Layer to deplete
CFCs HCFCs Halons Methyl bromide
37
what type of planets are the first four in the solar system
Terrestrial Planets
38
rocky, dense, relatively small
Terrestrial Planets
39
what are the terrestrial planets
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
40
What type of planets are those that orbit farthest from the sun
Gas Giant Planets
41
thick, gaseous atmospheres; small, rocky cores; and ring systems of ice, rock, and dust
Gas Giants
42
What are the four Gas Giants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
43
has planets, dwarf planets, comets, asteroids, meteoroids
Solar System
44
a star either ends being
black dwarf black hole neutron star
45
small galaxies that contain a few billion stars
Dwarf Galaxies
46
the galaxy where our solar system is located and classified as a spiral galaxy
Milky Way
47
shaped like pinwheels and has two or more spiral arms extending
Spiral galaxies
48
galaxies that looks like spheres or ovals and don't have spiral arms
Elliptical Galaxies
49
galaxies that appear as splotchy, irregularly shaped 'blobs' very active areas of star formation
Irregular galaxies
50
huge spherical areas where very little matter exists
Voids
51
Hydrogen and other gases swirled around and condensed into our sun and its planets
Nebular Hypothesis
52
Who proposed Nebular Theory
Immanuel Kant
53
One day our sun burst open, and planets and moons shot out at high speeds and went to their respective places, then stopped, and started orbiting the sun, as the moons began orbiting the planets
Fission Theory
54
Planets and moons were flying around, and some were captured by our sun and began circling
Capture Theory
55
A pile of space dust and rock chunks pushed together into our planet, and another pile pushed itself into our moon. Then the moon got close enough and began orbiting us
Accretion Theory
56
Our world collided with a small planet, and the explosion threw off rocks which became the moon, and then it began orbiting us
Planetary Collision Theory
57
Our planets, moons, and suns spun off from the collision between stars
Stellar Collision Theory
58
Gas clouds were captured by our sun. But instead of being drawn into it, they began whirling and pushing themselves into planets and moons
Gas Cloud Theory
59
our bodies are ___ % of water
50 - 70
60
The 6 Spheres of the Atmosphere
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Exosphere
61
Where is the ozone layer located
Stratosphere
62
group of related objects/parts that work together to form a whole
system
63
all the matter, energy, processes within the Earth's boundary
Earth system
64
this sphere is mostly solid, rocky part of Earth.
Geosphere
65
mostly made of silicate materials
Crust
66
How thick is the oceanic crust?
5-10 km thick
67
How thick is the Continental crust?
35-70 km
68
The 2 Crusts
Oceanic Continental
69
made of very slow-flowing, solid rock, consisting of silicate materials
Mantle
70
How thick is the mantle
2900 km
71
made of iron and nickel and is very dense
Core
72
How thick is the radius of the core?
3500 km radius
73
oceans, lakes, rivers, water droplets in clouds
Hydrosphere
74
snow, ice, sea ice, glaciers, permafrost
Cryosphere
75
This sphere plays an important role in Earth's climate and species' survival
Cryosphere
76
mixture of mosty invisible gases surrounding the Earth
Atmosphere
77
The percentage of the Atmosphere
71% N, 21% O, 1% other gases (Ar, CO2, H2O(g)
78
this sphere traps some energy from the sun, which helps keep the Earth warm enough to
Atmosphere
79
made up of living things and the areas of Earth wher ethey are found
Biosphere
80
most of the energy of the Earth comes from the __
Sun
81
A tiny fraction of Earth's energy comes from
ocean tides geothermal sources
82
movement of energy through the Earth's system forms an
energy budget

First Summative Exam (7 decks)

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