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Apes > Earth's History and Fossil Record > Flashcards

Earth's History and Fossil Record Flashcards

1
Q

A place where two tectonic plates meet is called

A

convergent boundary

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2
Q

A place where two tectonic plates slide past one another is called

A

transform plate boundary

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3
Q

A place where two tectonic plates move away from one another is called

A

divergent boundary

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4
Q

The point at Earth’s surface above an earthquake is called

A

the epicenter

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5
Q

Earthquake waves that travel through the Earth’s interior are called

A

body waves

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6
Q

The actual point where the slipping between tectonic plates occurs is called

A

the focus

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7
Q

Earthquake waves that travel along the top of the Earth’s crust are called

A

surface waves

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8
Q

Earthquake waves that are caused when bedrock contracts and expands are called

A

p waves

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9
Q

Earthquake waves that are result in the movement of materials in Earth’s upper layers are called

A

s waves

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10
Q

The distance from the earth’s equator is described as

A

lattitude

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11
Q

When heated rock becomes less dense and rises, cool more dense rock will sink down to take its place, creating a cycle within Earth’s crust. This phenomenon is best referred to as

A

conviction

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12
Q

Which layer of Earth creates the magnetic field?

A

inner core

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13
Q

Most of the mantle is part of the

A

asthenosphere

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14
Q

The boundary between the crust and the mantle is referred to as the

A

Moho

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15
Q

Evidence for continental drift includes fossils

A

fossils
shape of the continents
rock formations

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16
Q

The San Andreas fault is an example of a

A

transform boundary

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17
Q

The Andes Mountains are an example of a

A

convergent boundary

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18
Q

The Himalayan Mountains are an example of a

A

convergent boundary

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19
Q

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a

A

divergent boundary

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20
Q

Japan is an example of a

A

convergent boundary

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21
Q

Hawaii is an example of a

A

hot spot

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22
Q

The Great Rift valley is an example of a

A

divergent boundary

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23
Q

A _____________ volcano is built up of many layers of lava and ash; Mount Shast and Mount Fuji and examples

A

composite

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24
Q

A broad, shallow cone from slow cooling lava is known as a ____________ volcano; Mauna Loa is an example.

A

sheild

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25
Q

Mount Saint Helens is an example of a _____________ volcano because it has a steep, convex cone.

A

dome

26
Q

Iceland is an example of a _____________ volcano because it is on a divergent boundary.

A

fissure

27
Q

Yellowstone and Mammoth Mountain are older volcanoes with very large craters, also known as ___________ volcanoes.

A

caldera

28
Q

The Earth has seasons because

A

The Earth is tilted on its axis

29
Q

During the _________________ months, the Earth is tilted toward the Sun, making the sun’s rays strike the Earth’s surface at a _________________ angle.

A

summer; perpendicular

30
Q

Most of the energy that drives the plate tectonic process on Earth comes from

A

the heat released by the core

31
Q

The slow movement of magma within Earth’s interior is a result of

A

convection cells

32
Q

Volcanoes most commonly occur along

A

convergent and divergent boundaries

33
Q

Volcanic eruptions can affect the Earth’s climate because

A

the give off a lot of heat

the emit SO2, which forms SO4 in the atmosphere and helps form clouds

34
Q

The main factor that determines why the Earth’s surface temperatures is hotter at the equator than at the poles is

A

angle of incoming solar radiation

35
Q

An example of a continental divergent plate boundary would be

A

the great rift valley in Africa

36
Q

The fossil record shows _________________, but not _______________.

A

macroevolution; microevolution

37
Q

Earth’s history is divided into

A

4 major eons

38
Q

A mass extinction in the fossil record is generally followed by a

A

a massive radiation of life

39
Q

A _______________ occurs because of the availability of open niches following a large extinction event.

A

massive radiation of life

40
Q

The 4 eons of Earth’s history, from oldest to youngest, are

A

Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic

41
Q

The eon that occurs from 4.6 to 3.8 BYA is the

A

Hadean

42
Q

The eon that occurs from 540 MYA to the present is the

A

Phanerozoic

43
Q

The eon that occurs from 2.5 BYA to about 540 MYA is the

A

protozoic

44
Q

The eon that occurs from 3.8 to 2.5 BYA is the

A

Archean

45
Q

The event that defines the border between the Hadean and the Archean eons in the

A

evolution of life

46
Q

The event that defines the boundary between the Proterozoic and the Phanerozoic is the

A

evolution of complex multicellular organisms

47
Q

The event that defines the boundary between the Archean and the Proterozoic is the

A

evolution of photosynthesis

48
Q

. The first organisms present in the fossil record are the

A

prokaryotic cells

49
Q

The first organisms that could do photosynthesis were the

A

prokaryotic cells

50
Q

The 3 major eras of the eon, from oldest to youngest, are the

A

Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic

51
Q

The event that separates the Paleozoic from the Mesozoic is the

A

formation of Pangea

52
Q

The event that separates the Mesozoic from the Cenozoic is the

A

meteor impact that caused a mass extinction

53
Q

The Permian, Devonian, and Silurian are all part of the __________________ era.

A

Paleozoic

54
Q

The Quaternary is part of the ____________________ era.

A

centizoci

55
Q

The Triassic and Jurassic periods are part of the ___________________ era.

A

Mesozoic

56
Q

Large scale environmental changes, like those resulting from the formation of Pangea, most immediately result in

A

mass extinctions

57
Q

The first photosynthetic organisms evolved during the ________________ eon.

A

Archean

58
Q

The first life on Earth evolved during the ____________________ eon

A

hadeon

59
Q

The first complex multicellular life evolved during the _________________ era.

A

paleozoic

60
Q

Humans evolved during the _____________________ era.

A

cenizoic

61
Q

Precambrian refers to

A

The first 3 eons of earths history

Apes (7 decks)

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