Earth quakes-Science

Question 1

Stress:

Answer 1

Force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.

Question 2

Three types of stress:

Answer 2

Tension, compression, shearing

Question 3

Volume:

Answer 3

The amount of space a rock takes up.

Question 4

Tension:

Answer 4

Stretches rock, crust gets thinner in the middle.

Question 5

Compression:

Answer 5

Squeezes rock, rock folds or breaks.

Question 6

Shearing:

Answer 6

Pushes dock in two different directions, rock slips or changes shape.

Question 7

Fault:

Answer 7

A break in Earth’s crust.

Question 8

Strike-slip fault:

Answer 8

There is little up or down motion.

Question 9

Normal fault:

Answer 9

The hanging wall slips downward below the footwall.

Question 10

Reverse fault:

Answer 10

The hanging wall slides up and over the footwall.

Question 11

True or false? A strike-slip fault that forms the boundary between two plates is called a convergent boundary.

Answer 11

False, convergent boundary, no, it’s a transform boundary.

Question 12

Hanging wall:

Answer 12

Slips downward when movement occurs along a normal fault. It occurs when the fault is at an angle. Above fault line.

Question 13

Normal faults and Reverse faults:

Answer 13

The faults are at an angle. The faults have footwalls.

Question 14

Shearing: Type of fault: Type of movement:

Answer 14

Type of fault: strike-slip Type of movement: horizontal

Question 15

Tension: Type of fault: Type of movement:

Answer 15

Type of fault: Normal Type of movement: vertical

Question 16

Compression: Type of fault: Type of movement:

Answer 16

Type of fault: reverse Type of movement: vertical

Question 17

Which 2 types of faults result in mountains? How do you know?

Answer 17

Normal and Reverse, they move up

Question 18

Anticline:

Answer 18

Arch, fold in rock that bends upward.

Question 19

Syncline:

Answer 19

Sinks in, file in rocks that bends downward.

Question 20

Folded mountains:

Answer 20

Whole thing, parallel ridges and valleys.

Question 21

How is a fault-block mountain created?

Answer 21

It is created by two normal faults.

Question 22

Plateau:

Answer 22

Tall, flat area. A large flat area of land higher then the area around it.

Question 23

Type of fault:
Stress force:
Movement along fault:

Answer 23

Fault: Reverse fault
Stress force: compression, Movement along fault: vertical

Fault: Normal fault
Stress force: tension
Movement along fault: vertical

Fault: Strike-slip fault
Stress force: shearing
Movement along fault: horizontal

Question 24

Footwall:

Answer 24

Below the fault line.

Question 25

Focus:

Answer 25

The point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake.

Question 26

Epicenter:

Answer 26

The point on the surface directly above the focus.

Question 27

Surface waves:

Answer 27

Carry energy from an earthquake away from the focus, through earths interior, and across the surface.

Question 28

Order in which the waves arrive:

Answer 28

P wave, S wave, surface wave

Question 29

P wave:

Answer 29

Fastest, least amount if damage, causes buildings to contract and expand.

Question 30

S wave:

Answer 30

Medium, medium amount of damage, shakes buildings from side to side.

Question 31

Surface wave:

Answer 31

Slowest, most damage, shakes buildings violently.

Question 32

Seismograph:

Answer 32

A device that records the ground movements caused by seismic waves.

Question 33

Mercalli scale:

Answer 33

Measures damage.

Question 34

Ritcher scale:

Answer 34

Measures the size or the strength of the waves.

Question 35

Moment magnitude:

Answer 35

Estimates the total amount of energy.

Question 36

How do geologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

Answer 36

Using information to draw three circles.

Question 37

What does the center of each circle represent?

Answer 37

Seismograph station.

Question 38

What does the radius of each circle represent?

Answer 38

Distance from the seismograph station.

Question 39

Tiltmeter:

Answer 39

2 barrels of water with a tube, works like a carpenter's level.

Question 40

Creep meter:

Answer 40

A weight on a pulley, measures movement along a strike-slip fault.

Question 41

Laser-ranging device:

Answer 41

Laser with a reflector, detects changes in distance to a reflector.

Question 42

GPS satellites:

Answer 42

Satellite with receivers on the ground, uses a network of earth-orbiting satellites.

Question 43

How do the seismic waves behave when they encounter a fault?

Answer 43

They can change directions.

Question 44

How do the data from the movements of seismic waves help geologists determine the earthquake risk for an area?

Answer 44

Map the length and depth of the faults.

Question 45

Friction:

Answer 45

The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface.

Question 46

Where is the risk of an earthquake the highest in he United States?

Answer 46

Along the pacific coast.

Question 47

Where are earthquakes the his highest at risk?

Answer 47

Along faults.

Question 48

What 2 factors do geologists take into account when they determine earthquake risk?

Answer 48

Active faults and earthquake history.

Question 49

What kinds of damage are caused by the severe shaking of an earthquake?

Answer 49

Landslides or avalanches destroy buildings and bridges and fracture gas and water mains.

Question 50

What determines where and how much the ground shakes?

Answer 50

Sand and loose soil, type of rocks and soil.

Question 51

Liquefaction:

Answer 51

The process in which an earthquake's violent shaking turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud.

Question 52

Aftershock:

Answer 52

An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area.

Question 53

Tsunami:

Answer 53

Large ocean waves usually caused by strong earthquakes below the ocean floor.

Question 54

What is the main danger to people during an earthquake?

Answer 54

Stuff falling on you.

Question 55

How can furniture be preferred from tipping over in an earthquake?

Answer 55

Fasten it to the wall.

Question 56

How can bedrooms be made safer during an earthquake?

Answer 56

No heavy things on the wall, above bed and no beds by the window.

Question 57

How can a brick or wood-frame building be modified to help it withstand an earthquake?

Answer 57

Ply wood panels.

Question 58

How does a base-isolated building reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake?

Answer 58

Absorb shock.

Question 59

How can earthquakes cause fire and flooding?

Answer 59

By fracturing gas and water lines.