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Environmental Science and Earth > Earth Midterms Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Earth Midterms Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

This is something that can produce, heat, power life, move objects, or produce electricity

A

Energy resource

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2
Q

This is all forms of fuels used in the modern world, either for heating, generation of electrical energy, for other forms of energy conversion processes

A

Energy resources

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3
Q

Two categories of energy resources

A

Renewable and nonrenewable

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4
Q

This is derived from a naturally existing source which replenishes itself without the presence of human

A

Renewable Energy

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5
Q

State the 6 renewable energy resources

A
  1. Solar Energy
  2. Hydroelectric Energy
  3. Tidal Energy
  4. Wind power
  5. Biomass energy
  6. Geothermal Energy
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6
Q

State the four advantages of renewable energy resources

A
  1. Renewable energy won’t run out
  2. Renewables save money
  3. Maintenance requirements are lower
  4. Renewable energy has health and environmental benefits
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7
Q

State the four disadvantages of renewable energy resources

A
  1. Higher initial cost
  2. Intermittency
  3. Storage capabilities
  4. Geographic limitations
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8
Q

This is the type of energy generated by the sun. This can be harnessed directly or indirectly for human use and is converted into thermal or electrical energy

A

Solar energy

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9
Q

This is a technology the captures and uses sunlight to generate heat, which can then be used for various applications, including heating water, space heating, and even electricity generation

A

Solar thermal energy

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10
Q

State the two ways solar thermal energy works

A

a. Solar collectors (flat-plate collectors and concentrating collectors)
b. Heat transfer

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11
Q

This is a form of active solar technology, powered by these cells.

A

Photovoltaics

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12
Q

This absorbs light and converts it directly into electricity

A

Photovoltaic cell

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13
Q

A group of photovoltaic cells is known as?

A

Solar panel

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14
Q

Each solar cell contains this and usually made of silicon

A

Semiconductor

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15
Q

Photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or façades.

A

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)

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16
Q

These are homes and other buildings that use passive solar energy to distribute heat efficiently and inexpensively

A

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)

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17
Q

Concentrated solar power is used on a smaller scale such as?

A

Solar cookers

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18
Q

The four basic types of solar cookers

A

Panel cookers, Box cookers, Parabolic cookers, and tube cookers

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19
Q

As of 2020, how many existing solar powerplants in the Philippines?

A

24

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20
Q

This is a form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion- such as water flowing over a waterfall- to generate electricity

A

Hydroelectric energy

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21
Q

Hydroelectric energy is also called?

A

Hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity

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22
Q

What are the three types of hydroelectric energy plants?

A
  1. impoundment facility
  2. Diversion Facility
  3. Pumped Storage facility
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23
Q

Projects that are continuously connected to a naturally flowing water feature

A

Open-Loop storage hydropower

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24
Q

Projects that are not continuously connected to a naturally flowing water feature

A

Closed-Loop pumped storage hydropower

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25
Q

How many hydroelectric powerplants are in the Philippines?

A

44

26
Q

What is the largest hydroelectric powerplant in the Philippines?

A

435-MW San Roque Dam in San manuel, Pangasinan

27
Q

This is renewable energy powered by the natural rise and fall of ocean tides and currents

A

Tidal energy

28
Q

This is produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of tides

A

Tidal energy

29
Q

What are the three different ways to produce electricty?

A
  1. Tidal Streams
  2. Tidal barrages
  3. Tidal lagoons
30
Q

Where do tidal streams come from?

A

Tide

31
Q

This is also knowns as tidal turbines

A

Tidal Streams

32
Q

This uses the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines

A

Tidal Streams

33
Q

This is like a huge dam that’s place in the ocean to capture tidal energy

A

Tidal Barrages

34
Q

True or false. The most efficient tidal energy source is Tidal Lagoons

A

False. Tidal Barrages

35
Q

This is a dam that utilizes the potential energy generated by the change in height between high and low tides this energy turns a turbine

A

Barrage

36
Q

The turbines spin as the lagoon fills up with water and then empties out

A

Tidal lagoons

37
Q

They are usually built along the natural coastline

A

Tidal Lagoons

38
Q

This describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity

A

Wind energy or Wind Power

39
Q

This is a renewable energy source that converts kinetic energy of wind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be used for power

A

Wind energy (or Wind Power)

40
Q

How many wind powerplants are in the Philippines?

A

6

41
Q

This convert renewable biomass fuels into heat and electricity using processes similar to those used with fossil fuels

A

Biopower technologies

42
Q

3 ways to produce biopower

A
  1. Burning
  2. Bacterial Decomposition
  3. Conversion to solid or gas fuel
43
Q

Most electricity generated from biomass is produced by?

A

Direct combustion

44
Q

Organic waste material such as animal dung or human sewage, is collected in oxygen-free tanks called? This process is called?

A

Digesters. Bacterial Decomposition

45
Q

The organic waste material is decomposed by this and it produces methane and other byproducts to form a biogas, which can then be purified and used to generate electricity

A

Anaerobic bacteria

46
Q

Biomass can be converted to a gaseous or liquid fuel through_______ and _______

A

Gasification and Pyrolysis

47
Q

This is a process that exposes solid biomass material to high temperatures with very little oxygen present, to produce synthetic gas

A

Gasification

48
Q

Biomass is heated at a lower temperature range but in the complete absence of oxygen to produce a bio-oil, syngas and biochar

A

Pyrolysis

49
Q

How many biomass powerplants are in the country?

A

24

50
Q

What are the greek roots of geothermal?

A

geo meaning earth and thermos meaning hot

51
Q

How many geothermal powerplants are in the country?

A

7

52
Q

They are obtained from dead plant and animal deposits created over the long history of the plany

A

Fossil energy

53
Q

Are fossil energy resources renewable or non renewable?

A

Non renewable

54
Q

This was used to produce steam in the railway engines initially

A

Coal

55
Q

State three uses for coal

A
  1. Used to cook food
  2. To generate electricity in thermal plants
  3. Used in industries as fuel
56
Q

State three uses for petroleum

A
  1. To power internal combustion engines in the form of petrol
  2. Used in roofing, road pavements and as a water repellent
  3. Used in manufacturing detergents, plastics, fibers, polythene etc.
57
Q

This is used as a fuel for vehicles, offering lower emissions compared gasoline or diesel

A

Compressed natural gas (CNG)

58
Q

It is used as a starting material in chemicals and fertilizers

A

Natural Gas

59
Q

These resources are used as fuel for nuclear fission-based power plants

A

Nuclear Energy resources

60
Q

Nuclear energy aims to harvest the energy from sustain fusion of ________________ into helium

A

hydrogen atoms

Environmental Science and Earth (6 decks)

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