Earth: Chapter 2 People and Food

Question 1

This is something that provides nutrients

Answer 1

Food

Question 2

What do nutrients provide?

Answer 2

1. Energy for activity, growth, and all functions of the body such as breathing, digesting food, and keeping warm
2. Materials for the growth and repair of the body, and for keeping the immune system healthy

Question 3

What are the two types of nutrients?

Answer 3

1. Macro (big) nutrientsthat we need in large amounts
2. Micro (small) nutrientsthat we need in small amounts

Question 4

Examples of macro nutrients

Answer 4

Carbohydrates (starches, sugars, and dietary fiber);
Fats
Proteins

Question 5

Examples of micro nutrients

Answer 5

Minerals - iron, iodine and zinc
Vitamins - vitamin A, B-group vitamins and vitamin C

Question 6

What are the five human dietary requirements?

Answer 6

Water
Carbohydrates
Fats or Lipids
Proteins
Minerals

Question 7

What are the three types of carbohydrates

Answer 7

Monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 8

These provide energy for the body

Answer 8

Carbohydrates

Question 9

In some poor countries, too many children do not receive enough calories to grow properly. In order to maintain blood sugar levels, they attack their own protein. This condition of semi-starvation is known as?

Answer 9

Marasmus

Question 10

They provide a concentrated source of energy and the essential fatty acids needed for growth and health. They aid the absorption of some vitamins such as vitamin A and improve the taste of meals. Some fatty/oily foods contain important vitamins

Answer 10

Fats or Lipids

Question 11

-Vegetable oils, groundnuts, soybeans, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds and other oilseeds, oily fishes and avocados. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids are oily sea fish and some seeds and pulses such as linseed and soybeans.

-Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Answer 11

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 12

Examples of foods containing mainly this are butter, ghee, lard/cooking fat, whole milk, cheese, fats from meats and meat products (e.g. sausages) and poultry, red palm oil and coconuts.

Answer 12

Saturated fatty acids

Question 13

When vegetable oils are processed to make them harder (e.g. for use in margarine and other solid fats), some of the unsaturated fatty acids are changed into what?

Answer 13

Trans fatty acids

Question 14

This is found only in animal foods but the body can make it from other fat nutrients.

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

What are the two kinds of cholesterol in the blood?

Answer 15

1. High Density Lipoprotein
2. Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 16

These are made up of chemical ‘building blocks’ called amino acids.
Your body uses amino acids to build and repair muscles and bones and to make hormones and enzymes. They can also be used as an energy source

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

These are those elements on the earth and in foods that our bodies need to develop and function normally.
Those essential for health include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium.

Answer 17

minerals

Question 18

This is a commonagricultural practicefollowed by worldwide farmers to grow and produce cropsto use as food and fiber. This practice includes all thefeed sources that are required to maintain and produce crops.

Answer 18

Crop production

Question 19

What are the requirements for crop production?

Answer 19

1. Sunlight
2. Good Soil
3. Water Source
4. Crops to plants

Question 20

This is the technology applied to the keeping of animals for profit.

Answer 20

Animal Production