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Earth and Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Layers of the Sun

A

Corona
chromosphere
photosphere
core
radiation zone
convection zone

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2
Q

site of nuclear fusion

A

core


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3
Q

what we see of the sun

A

photosphere


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4
Q

stream of high energy particles sent into space; causes the light displays

A

solar wind


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5
Q

light display from the northern hemisphere

A

aurora borealis


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6
Q

light display from the southern hemisphere

A

aurora australis


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7
Q

storms that look like huge arches; may last several days

A

prominences


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8
Q

more intense than prominences; lasts only about 15 minutes

A

solar flares


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9
Q

cool black storm areas

A

sunspots


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10
Q

more than 100x; average size and temperature; energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium

A

sun


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11
Q

2/5x
rocky

A

mercury


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12
Q
  • slightly shorter than mars
  • rocky
  • hottest
  • “morning star”, brightest before sunrise and after sunset
  • rotates from EAST to WEST
A

venus


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13
Q

1x
rocky
slightly bigger than venus

A

earth


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14
Q

1/4x
same period of rotation as a revolution
causes tides

A

moon


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15
Q

1/2x
rocky
“red planet”

A

mars


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16
Q

minor planets

A

asteroids


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17
Q

11x, gaseous

A

jupiter


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18
Q

9 1/2x; gaseous

A

saturn 


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19
Q

3 1/2x; icy

A

neptune


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20
Q

4x
icy
rotates counter-clockwise

A

uranus


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21
Q

1/5x
coldest
tilted and elongated orbit
no longer classified as planet

A

pluto


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21
Q

“dirty snowballs”; heads of ice and rock, tails of dust and gases forced from the head by solar radiation; tail always points away from the sun

A

comets


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22
Q

chunk of rock smaller than asteroid

A

meteoroid


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23
Q

a meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere; “shooting star”

A

meteor


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24
Q

a meteoroid that does not completely burn up

A

meteorite


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25
Q

strongest tides; when the sun, earth, and moon are in a straight line: the sun’s and the moon’s gravities add up: highest and lowest tide

A

spring tides


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26
Q

weakest tides; when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle; the sun’s and moon’s gravities cancel out one another: moderate tides

A

neap tides


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27
Q

brightest star in the night sky; “Dog Star”

A

Sirius


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28
Q

North Star; tip of Little Dipper’s handle

A

Polaris


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29
Q

big bear; contains the big dipper

A

ursa major


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30
Q

big dog

A

canis major


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30
Q

little bear; contains the big dipper

A

ursa minor


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31
Q

little dog

A

canis minor


32
Q

closest star to earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky

A

proxima centauri


32
Q

closest star to earth that is visible in the night sky

A

alpha centauri


33
Q

the hunter

34
Q

the winged horse

A

pegasus


35
Q

the distance that light travels in one year

A

light year


36
Q

the galaxy where the solar system is

A

milky way


37
Q

the explosion of a big star

A

supernova


38
Q

remains of supernova, nothing can escape

A

blackhole


39
Q

from the crust down to the rigid upper mantle

A

lithosphere


40
Q

plates move away from one another

41
Q

plates move away from one another

42
Q

plates move toward each other

A

convergent

43
Q

plates slide past each other

44
Q

Kinds of Fault

A
  • normal dip slip
  • reverse dip slip/ thrust
  • strike-slip
45
Q

size of an earthquake, or energy released

46
Q

scale with 1 to 10, wherein magnitude 2 is ten time stronger than magnitude 1, and so on

A

Richter scale

47
Q

commonly used scale for measuring magnitude because of higher precision

A

Moment Magnitude scale

48
Q

commonly used scale for measuring magnitude because of higher precision

A

Moment Magnitude scale

49
Q

amount of damage; measured using MERCALLI SCALE (1-12)

50
Q

amount of damage; measured using MERCALLI SCALE (1-12)

51
Q

an earthquake’s point of origin

52
Q

the point on earth’s surface directly above the focus

53
Q

Types of Rocks

A
  • sedimentary
  • igneous
  • metamorphic
54
Q

from sediments which were eroded to lower places; forms fossils

A

sedimentary

55
Q

from lava; formed because of heat

56
Q

from other rocks that were changed due to intense heat and pressure

A

metamorphic

57
Q

increasing particle size decreasing water holding capacity

A

clay > slit > sand > pebbles > gravel

58
Q

theory of the movement of the continents relative to each other; by alfred wegener (1912)

A

theory of continental drift

59
Q

Evidences of Continental Drift Theory

A
  • fossils
  • mountain ranges
  • glacial striations
  • tillites
60
Q

theory that tectonic plates move; explains continental drift

A

theory of plate tectonics

61
Q

the “supercontinent” that existed during PALEOZOIC and MESOZOIC era

62
Q

the “supercontinent” that existed during PALEOZOIC and MESOZOIC era

63
Q

started breaking up into asia, europe, and north america during CENOZOIC era

64
Q

started breaking up into africa, australia, antartica, and south america during MESOZOIC era

A

Gondwanaland

65
Q

the heating ip of the earth’s surface due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

A

Global Warming

66
Q

Layers of the Atmosphere

A
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
67
Q

layer of the earth where life and weather forms; densest layer

A

troposphere

68
Q

layer of the atmosphere where the ozone layer lies and airplane flies

A

stratosphere

69
Q

coldest layer of the atmosphere where meteor burn up

A

mesosphere

70
Q

hottest layer of the atmosphere; ionosphere

A

thermosphere

71
Q

layer of the atmosphere where satellites can be found

72
Q

measures air pressure

73
Q

measures wind speed

A

anemometer

74
Q

measures humidity

A

hygrometer

75
Q

measures wind direction

76
Q

measures amount of rainfall

A

rain gauge

77
Q

Seasons from Left to Right for the northern hemisphere

A
  • Spring (March 21; equinox)
  • Summer (June 21; solstice)
  • Fall (September 23; equinox)
  • Winter (December 22; solstice)

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