Earth and Atmosphere Flashcards
What are the percentages of the four most abundant gases in dry air?
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% Argon
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
How do you find out the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere using Iron?
Soak iron wool in acetic acid and push into a measuring cylinder
Invert measuring cylinder into a beaker of water
Record starting position of water using the scale on the measuring cylinder
Leave the measuring cylinder for a week
Record finishing position of water
How do you find out the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere using phosphorous
Place phosphorous in tube and attach glass syringe at either end, one filled with air and the other empty
Heat phosphorous and use syringe to apss air over to make phosphorous oxide
Measure the startinga nd final volumes of air using the scale
Calculate percentage of oxygen
How does magnesium react with oxygen
Burns with bright white flame, white powder (magnesium oxide formed)
How does hydrogen react with oxygen
Almost invisible pale blue flame, product is water
How does sulfur react with oxygen
Burns with a pale blue flame, produces sulfur dioxide
How is carbon dioxide formed from thermal decomposition of copper carbonate
Heat copper carbonate in a test tube, collect the gas given off in the test tube, it can then be tested to see if it’s carbon dioxide
What are the products of a complete combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of an incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
Carbon dioxide, water and carbon monoxide
What is the effect of inhaling carbon monoxide
Combines with red blood cells and stops blood from carrying oxygen around the body, can lead to fainting, coma or death
How is nitrogen oxides formed
When the temperature is high enough for nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react, often in car engines
How does the combustion of sulphur impurities in hydrocarbons result in the formation of sulphur dioxide?
When crude oil is burnt as fuel sufur dioxide and nitrogen oxides may be produced
How do sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides contribute to acid rain?
When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with water vapour in clouds, they form dilute sulphur dioxide and nitric acid, the rain that falls from those clouds are acid rain
How can you test for water using anhydrous copper ii sulphate
Heat blue hydrated copper sulphate crystals, will leave a white anhydrous copper suphate powder
Add drops of water to the white powder, if turns blue again there is water present
How can you test the purity of water?
heat it with a thermometer, if it boils at 100 degrees it;s pure
