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Science > Earth > Flashcards

Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four main components in the earth systems

A

atmosphere,hydrosphere,geosphere and biosphere

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2
Q

What is Atmosphere?

A

Air zone covering the Earth’s surface.

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3
Q

What is Biosphere?

A

Life zone consists of a variety of life such as humans, animals, plants and microorganisms

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4
Q

What is Hydrosphere?

A

Water zone that includes rivers, lakes, seas and also water trapped as ice, underground water and water vapour in the atmosphere.

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5
Q

What is geosphere

A

Rock and soil zone on the Earth’s surface.

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6
Q

Earth’s atmosphere consists of five layers.Name all of them.

A

Troposphere,Stratosphere,Mesosphere,Thermosphere and Exosphere

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7
Q

What is Troposphere

A

The layer where living organism breathes, wind blows and where clouds, rain and snow form.

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8
Q

What is Stratosphere

A

The ozone layer that contains ozone gas which absorb harmful ultraviolet rays from sunlight is found here.
The ozone layer depletes when chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) released from pesticides, refrigerators and air-conditioners break down ozone molecules in the ozone layer.

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9
Q

What is Mesosophere

A

Burning and destruction of meteorites occur in this layer.

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10
Q

What is Thermosphere

A

Also known as the ionosphere because it contains ions that can reflect radio waves.
Aurora, a stream of colourful lights resulting from reactions of charged particles with Earth’s magnetic field and atmospheric gases occurs here

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11
Q

What is Exosphere

A

Contains light gases such as helium and hydrogen.
Air becomes thinner towards space.
Communication satellites orbiting Earth in this layer allow phone calls and television broadcasts.

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12
Q

what is a crust

A

the outmost layer of the earth and is solid

The top layer is the continent that is composd of granite,while beneath the granite is a layer of hard rock known as basalt

consists of igneous rocks

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13
Q

what is mantle

A

The upper mantle beneath the lithosphere consists of semi-molten rock due to high temperature,that is 1400C (asthenosphere)

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14
Q

Why is the mantle unstable?

A

due to convection current that causes the movement of the mantle

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15
Q

What is core

A

consists of two layers which are outer core and inner core is believed to be a solid form.

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16
Q

What is Igneous rock?

A

Formed from the process of cooling and freezing of magma or lava that flows out of the mantle.

Contains various minerals.

17
Q

What is Sedimentary rock?

A

Formed by compression of deposited materials carried by the rivers, glaciers and wind

Consists of many layers which are sometimes hollow and contain fossils.

18
Q

What is Metamorphic rocks

A

Formed when igneous rocks or sedimentary rocks are exposed to very high pressure and temperature.

Usually harder than the original rocks that formed them

19
Q

What is Exogenic process?

A

Occurs above the Earth’s surface
Examples: Weathering, erosion , mass and land depletion, transport and sedimentation

20
Q

What is weathering

A

Process of rock fragmentation and decomposition or decay due to changes in temperature, rainwater, frosting and microorganisms.

21
Q

What is erosion

A

Process of eroding of the Earth’s surface moving agents (water, wind and waves)

22
Q

What is Mass depletion and land depletion

A

Involves soil movement from the top of a slope to below as a result of gravititonal force

23
Q

transport and sedimentation

A

Weathered and corroded materials are moved by agents.
The materials will be sedimented when the velocity of the agents decreases.

24
Q

What is endogenic process?

A

Caused by forces from within the Earth
Forms and changes the Earth’s surface
Examples: Mantle convection process, magma activity and Earth’s crust movement (Plate Tectonics)

25
Q

What is mantle convection

A

High temperature in the mantle and the core of Earth produces convection currents in the atmosphere layer.

26
Q

What is magma activity

A

Volcano is a vent on the Earth’s crust that allows molten and hot magma to flow out through it in a strong eruption.

27
Q

What is plate tectonics

A

The Earth’s crust is divided into several pieces of plates.
These plates constantly move resulting in collision and divergence which produce various landforms in Earth and continental drifts.

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