Early Republic of US

Question 1

American System

Answer 1

A plan by Henry Clay to grow the economy using tariffs, a national bank, and better roads. Hamiltonians liked it for supporting industry; Jeffersonians thought it gave the government too much power.

Question 2

Cabinet

Answer 2

A group of advisors to the president, started by George Washington. It highlighted early debates between Hamilton’s ideas for a strong government and Jefferson’s preference for limited government.

Question 3

Henry Clay

Answer 3

Supporter of Hamilton, and developed Tariffs. A politician who supported the American System. He wanted a strong, united economy and is known for trying to balance the interests of the North and South.

Question 4

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 4

Founded by Jefferson and Madison, this party wanted a smaller federal government and more power for states, mainly supporting farmers and the South.

Question 5

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 5

A founding father and Federalist who wanted a strong central government and supported industry. He influenced many policies, including the Bank of the United States. Loose interpretation.

Question 6

French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars

Answer 6

Wars in Europe that divided Americans. Hamiltonians wanted to avoid getting involved, while Jeffersonians were inspired by French ideals.

Question 7

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 7

Law forcing Native Americans off their land in the Southeast, leading to the Trail of Tears. It was part of U.S. westward expansion.

Question 7

Industrial Revolution

Answer 7

A shift to machine-based manufacturing. It made goods cheaper and faster to produce, changing the economy and creating tension between North and South.

Question 8

Impressment

Answer 8

Britain’s practice of forcing American sailors into their navy. This was one of the reasons for the War of 1812, and Jeffersonians saw it as a violation of U.S. rights.

Question 9

Andrew Jackson

Answer 9

A populist president who opposed centralized banking and supported states’ rights, favoring policies that expanded voting rights for the “common man.”

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

A founding father and advocate for limited federal power. He favored small government, agriculture, and strict constitutional interpretation. Strict interpretation.

Question 10

Judicial Review

Answer 10

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, established in Marbury v. Madison. It strengthened federal power.

Question 11

Loose Interpretation

Answer 11

Hamiltonians believed the Constitution should be interpreted flexibly to allow the government to grow, contrasting with Jefferson’s strict view.

Question 11

Missouri Compromise

Answer 11

An 1820 deal that balanced the number of free and slave states, easing tensions for a while but highlighting divisions between North and South. Line drawn on 36’ 30’ lad

Question 11

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 11

A Supreme Court case that established judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional and strengthening federal power.

Question 11

John Marshall

Answer 11

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who ruled in favor of a strong federal government, supporting Hamiltonian ideas.

Question 12

Strict Interpretation

Answer 12

Jeffersonians believed the government should follow the Constitution exactly as written, giving it less flexibility than Hamiltonians wanted.

Question 12

Suffrage

Answer 12

The right to vote. Jacksonians expanded voting rights to more white men, emphasizing democracy for the common man.

Question 13

Trail of Tears

Answer 13

The forced removal of Native Americans to western lands, resulting in thousands of deaths. It opened up land for U.S. settlers.

Question 14

George Washington

Answer 14

The first U.S. president who set many government traditions and favored a balanced approach between Hamilton and Jefferson’s ideas.

Question 15

Missouri Compromise year

Answer 15

1820

Question 16

War with Mexico year

Answer 16

1846

Question 17

Three fifths clause

Answer 17

Slaves were 3/5 of person

Question 18

Louisiana purchase

Answer 18

1803, land bought from France west of Mississippi river

Question 19

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Answer 19

Exploration journey ordered by Jefferson to explore Louisiana Purchase

Question 20

Judicial review

Answer 20

Power to determine whether acts are with the constitution. Result from Mulbary vs. Madison

Question 21

Plymoth/Puritans

Answer 21

Early christians went to US looking for religious freedom. Want to purify church of England

Question 22

Populist (people) Party

Answer 22

Represented small farmers and workers who wanted better wages, government control of railroads, and free silver. Challenged big businesses and bring attention to economic issues

Question 23

Beginning of American Rev

Answer 23

1775

Question 24

Mexican-American War

Answer 24

Started over border disagreement after Texas joined US. US won and gained large land. California joined Union

Question 25

Sectionalism

Answer 25

People began thinking they belong to state rather than Union. Grew between North and South over slavery

Question 26

Federalist Party

Answer 26

Led by Alexander Hamilton. Supported strong federal government, national bank, and close ties with Britain

Question 27

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Answer 27

Ben’s book that included everyday life hacks, weather forecasts, general advice