Early Republic of US

Question 1

John Adams

Answer 1

Second U.S. president, successor of Washington, and a Federalist who favored a strong central government. Was attacked verabally by everyone when staying out of war.

Question 2

American System

Answer 2

A plan by Henry Clay to grow the economy using tariffs, a national bank, and better roads. Hamiltonians liked it for supporting industry; Jeffersonians thought it gave the government too much power.

Question 3

Bank of the United States

Answer 3

Created by Hamilton to manage government funds. Hamiltonians wanted it to make the economy stronger, while Jeffersonians thought it was unfair to farmers.

Question 4

Assumption (debts)

Answer 4

Hamilton wanted the federal government to take on states’ Revolutionary War debts. Hamiltonians thought it made the nation stronger, but Jeffersonians felt it helped only the rich.

Question 5

Cabinet

Answer 5

A group of advisors to the president, started by George Washington. It highlighted early debates between Hamilton’s ideas for a strong government and Jefferson’s preference for limited government.

Question 6

Henry Clay

Answer 6

Supporter of Hamilton, and developed Tariffs. A politician who supported the American System. He wanted a strong, united economy and is known for trying to balance the interests of the North and South.

Question 7

Capitalism

Answer 7

An economic system where people can own businesses and earn profits. Hamiltonians supported industrial capitalism, while Jeffersonians preferred a focus on small farms.

Question 8

Constitution

Answer 8

The set of rules for U.S. government. Hamiltonians saw it as flexible to allow for a strong government; Jeffersonians wanted to stick closely to its exact wording.

Question 9

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 9

Founded by Jefferson and Madison, this party wanted a smaller federal government and more power for states, mainly supporting farmers and the South.

Question 10

Election of 1800

Answer 10

Jefferson’s victory over Adams, showing that power could peacefully switch between political parties, strengthening U.S. democracy.

Question 11

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 11

A time of political unity in the early 1800s, although differences grew between the industrial North and farming South. Came after the War of 1812 between Britain.

Question 12

Factory System

Answer 12

New way of making goods using machines and workers in one place, leading to faster production but difficult labor conditions, and boosting the economy.

Question 13

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 13

A founding father and Federalist who wanted a strong central government and supported industry. He influenced many policies, including the Bank of the United States. Loose interpretation.

Question 14

Fort Clatsop

Answer 14

A fort built by Lewis and Clark on their westward journey. It symbolizes U.S. expansion westward, something Jeffersonians supported for more farming land.

Question 15

French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars

Answer 15

Wars in Europe that divided Americans. Hamiltonians wanted to avoid getting involved, while Jeffersonians were inspired by French ideals.

Question 16

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 16

Law forcing Native Americans off their land in the Southeast, leading to the Trail of Tears. It was part of U.S. westward expansion.

Question 16

Industrial Revolution

Answer 16

A shift to machine-based manufacturing. It made goods cheaper and faster to produce, changing the economy and creating tension between North and South.

Question 17

Impressment

Answer 17

Britain’s practice of forcing American sailors into their navy. This was one of the reasons for the War of 1812, and Jeffersonians saw it as a violation of U.S. rights.

Question 18

Infrastructure

Answer 18

Roads, canals, and railways that helped connect the country, supported by Hamiltonians as they made trade easier and fueled industrial growth.

Question 19

Andrew Jackson

Answer 19

A populist president who opposed centralized banking and supported states’ rights, favoring policies that expanded voting rights for the “common man.”

Question 20

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 20

A founding father and advocate for limited federal power. He favored small government, agriculture, and strict constitutional interpretation. Strict interpretation.

Question 20

Judicial Review

Answer 20

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, established in Marbury v. Madison. It strengthened federal power.

Question 21

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 21

A movement that expanded voting rights to more white men and emphasized populism, often opposing elite and central government power.

Question 22

“King Cotton”

Answer 22

A term describing the importance of cotton to the South’s economy, deepening the economic divide between the North’s industry and South’s agriculture.

Question 22

Francis Scott Key

Answer 22

Wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner” during the War of 1812, which became the national anthem and is a symbol of U.S. patriotism.

Question 23

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Answer 23

A journey by explorers to map the land from the Louisiana Purchase. It represented U.S. interest in westward expansion. Wanted to find an easy water rout

Question 23

Loose Interpretation

Answer 23

Hamiltonians believed the Constitution should be interpreted flexibly to allow the government to grow, contrasting with Jefferson’s strict view.

Question 24

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 24

Jefferson’s 1803 purchase doubled U.S. territory. It provided land for farming, supporting Jefferson’s vision but challenged his view on strict constitutional limits.

Question 25

Manifest Destiny

Answer 25

The idea that the U.S. was meant to expand westward across North America, fueling U.S. growth and increasing conflict with Native Americans.

Question 26

Missouri Compromise

Answer 26

An 1820 deal that balanced the number of free and slave states, easing tensions for a while but highlighting divisions between North and South. Line drawn on 36’ 30’ lad

Question 26

“Midnight Judges”

Answer 26

Last-minute appointments made by John Adams to keep Federalists in power in the courts, sparking conflict with the incoming Jefferson administration.

Question 27

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 27

A Supreme Court case that established judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional and strengthening federal power.

Question 28

John Marshall

Answer 28

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who ruled in favor of a strong federal government, supporting Hamiltonian ideas.

Question 29

Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

Answer 29

Issued by Washington, this statement kept the U.S. neutral during European conflicts, helping the young country avoid costly wars.

Question 30

Populism

Answer 30

The idea that government should support the common people, which became popular under leaders like Andrew Jackson.

Question 30

Star-Spangled Banner

Answer 30

The national anthem of the U.S., written during the War of 1812. It represents American resilience and unity.

Question 31

Strict Interpretation

Answer 31

Jeffersonians believed the government should follow the Constitution exactly as written, giving it less flexibility than Hamiltonians wanted.

Question 32

Suffrage

Answer 32

The right to vote. Jacksonians expanded voting rights to more white men, emphasizing democracy for the common man.

Question 33

Tariff

Answer 33

A tax on imported goods that helped U.S. industry grow but often hurt Southern farmers, causing tension between North and South.

Question 34

Trail of Tears

Answer 34

The forced removal of Native Americans to western lands, resulting in thousands of deaths. It opened up land for U.S. settlers.

Question 35

War of 1812

Answer 35

Fought between the U.S. and Britain over trade and rights. It boosted national pride and encouraged the U.S. to become more economically independent.

Question 36

George Washington

Answer 36

The first U.S. president who set many government traditions and favored a balanced approach between Hamilton and Jefferson’s ideas.

Question 37

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 37

A protest against a federal tax on whiskey, showing that the government could enforce laws. Hamiltonians saw it as proof of a strong government; Jeffersonians sympathized with the protesters.

Question 38

Eli Whitney

Answer 38

Invented the cotton gin, which made cotton production faster and helped the South’s economy but also increased the demand for slave labor.

Question 39

New Constitution: George Washington takes office year

Answer 39

1789

Question 40

Louisiana Purchase year

Answer 40

1803

Question 41

Missouri Compromise year

Answer 41

1820

Question 42

War with Mexico year

Answer 42

1846