Early Republic of US Flashcards
American System
A plan by Henry Clay to grow the economy using tariffs, a national bank, and better roads. Hamiltonians liked it for supporting industry; Jeffersonians thought it gave the government too much power.
Cabinet
A group of advisors to the president, started by George Washington. It highlighted early debates between Hamilton’s ideas for a strong government and Jefferson’s preference for limited government.
Henry Clay
Supporter of Hamilton, and developed Tariffs. A politician who supported the American System. He wanted a strong, united economy and is known for trying to balance the interests of the North and South.
Democratic-Republican Party
Founded by Jefferson and Madison, this party wanted a smaller federal government and more power for states, mainly supporting farmers and the South.
Alexander Hamilton
A founding father and Federalist who wanted a strong central government and supported industry. He influenced many policies, including the Bank of the United States. Loose interpretation.
French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars
Wars in Europe that divided Americans. Hamiltonians wanted to avoid getting involved, while Jeffersonians were inspired by French ideals.
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Law forcing Native Americans off their land in the Southeast, leading to the Trail of Tears. It was part of U.S. westward expansion.
Industrial Revolution
A shift to machine-based manufacturing. It made goods cheaper and faster to produce, changing the economy and creating tension between North and South.
Impressment
Britain’s practice of forcing American sailors into their navy. This was one of the reasons for the War of 1812, and Jeffersonians saw it as a violation of U.S. rights.
Andrew Jackson
A populist president who opposed centralized banking and supported states’ rights, favoring policies that expanded voting rights for the “common man.”
Thomas Jefferson
A founding father and advocate for limited federal power. He favored small government, agriculture, and strict constitutional interpretation. Strict interpretation.
Judicial Review
The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional, established in Marbury v. Madison. It strengthened federal power.
Loose Interpretation
Hamiltonians believed the Constitution should be interpreted flexibly to allow the government to grow, contrasting with Jefferson’s strict view.
Missouri Compromise
An 1820 deal that balanced the number of free and slave states, easing tensions for a while but highlighting divisions between North and South. Line drawn on 36’ 30’ lad
Marbury v. Madison
A Supreme Court case that established judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional and strengthening federal power.
John Marshall
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who ruled in favor of a strong federal government, supporting Hamiltonian ideas.
Strict Interpretation
Jeffersonians believed the government should follow the Constitution exactly as written, giving it less flexibility than Hamiltonians wanted.
Suffrage
The right to vote. Jacksonians expanded voting rights to more white men, emphasizing democracy for the common man.
Trail of Tears
The forced removal of Native Americans to western lands, resulting in thousands of deaths. It opened up land for U.S. settlers.
George Washington
The first U.S. president who set many government traditions and favored a balanced approach between Hamilton and Jefferson’s ideas.
Missouri Compromise year
1820
War with Mexico year
1846
Three fifths clause
Slaves were 3/5 of person
Louisiana purchase
1803, land bought from France west of Mississippi river
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Exploration journey ordered by Jefferson to explore Louisiana Purchase
Judicial review
Power to determine whether acts are with the constitution. Result from Mulbary vs. Madison
Plymoth/Puritans
Early christians went to US looking for religious freedom. Want to purify church of England
Populist (people) Party
Represented small farmers and workers who wanted better wages, government control of railroads, and free silver. Challenged big businesses and bring attention to economic issues
Beginning of American Rev
1775
Mexican-American War
Started over border disagreement after Texas joined US. US won and gained large land. California joined Union
Sectionalism
People began thinking they belong to state rather than Union. Grew between North and South over slavery
Federalist Party
Led by Alexander Hamilton. Supported strong federal government, national bank, and close ties with Britain
Poor Richard’s Almanack
Ben’s book that included everyday life hacks, weather forecasts, general advice
