Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obstetrics > Early Pregnancy: Miscarriage > Flashcards

Early Pregnancy: Miscarriage Flashcards

1
Q

What is a miscarriage

A

Loss of pregnancy before 24W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines an early miscarriage

A

Loss in first trimester before 13W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What defines a late miscarriage

A

Loss 13-24W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 types of miscarriage

A
  1. Threatened
  2. Complete
  3. Incomplete
  4. Missed
  5. Inevitable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe clinical picture of threatened miscarriage

A

Mild bleeding before 24W.

OS is closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How will the OS appear in threatened miscarriage

A

Closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is threatened miscarriage most common

A

More common 6-9W

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How will threatened miscarriage appear on TVUS

A

Viable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How should a threatened miscarriage be managed if heavy bleeding

A

Admit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a miscarriage happens after 12W what should be given if rhesus negative

A

Anti-D prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How will an inevitable miscarriage present clinically

A

Heavy bleeding

Clots and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How will the OS present in inevitable miscarriage

A

Open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How will inevitable miscarriage present on US

A

Foetus may be viable or non-viable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How may a missed miscarriage present clinically

A

Asymptomatic
Small gestation age
Continuous discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may those with missed miscarriage have a history of

A

Threatened miscarriages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an incomplete miscarriage

A

When part of foetus is expelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How will an incomplete miscarriage present clinically

A

Symptoms miscarriage - such as bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is criteria for incomplete miscarriage on TV-US

A 
- Retained produce of   
  conception
- AP diameter >15 
- Proof of previous intra-
  uterine pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is criteria for complete miscarriage

A

No POC

Proof previous intra-uterine pregnancy

20
Q

How should complete miscarriage be managed

A

Discharge to GP

21
Q

When are miscarriages most common

A

Before 12W

22
Q

What are 8 risk factors for miscarriage

A
  1. Women older 30-35y
  2. Obese
  3. Smoking
  4. Uterine abnormalities
  5. Previous uterine surgery
  6. Previous miscarriage
  7. Antiphospholipid and other coagulopathies
  8. Chromosomal abnormalities
23
Q

How may a miscarriage present clinically

A

Bleeding - may have symptoms anaemia

Suprapubic cramps

24
Q

Where should patients with suspected miscarriage be referred

A

Early pregnancy unit

25
Q

What makes a patient suspect a miscarriage

A

Positive pregnancy test and bleeding

26
Q

What is first-line investigation at the early pregnancy scanning unit

A

Trans-vaginal US

27
Q

What is the most important finding to exclude miscarriage

A

foetal cardiac activity

28
Q

When can foetal cardiac activity be auscultated

A

5.5-6W

29
Q

If the foetal crown-rump length is less than 7 and no foetal HS what needs to be done

A

cannot confirm a miscarriage. Need to repeat scan in 7d

30
Q

if foetal pole is not visible, what is used to identify pregnancy

A

yolk sac and gestational sac. Then mean sac diameter is used to identify miscarriage

31
Q

if mean sac diameter is >25mm what does this mean

A

confirm miscarriage

32
Q

if mean sac diameter is <25mm what does this mean

A

repeat scan at 10-14d

33
Q

what is useful to confirm evacuation of miscarriage

A

serial bHcG measurements

34
Q

what are the 3 management options for miscarriage

A
  1. Conservative
  2. Medical
  3. Surgical
35
Q

if a patient is more than 12W and managed by any method what do they need

A

anti-D prophylaxis

36
Q

if a patient is managed surgically, when will they need anti-D prophylaxis

A

all patients need anti-D, regardless of gestation

37
Q

what is conservative approach for miscarriage

A

leave women to pass products of conception naturally

38
Q

what is main disadvantages of conservative approach

A
  • bleeding can occur any time
  • heavy bleeding
  • pain
  • can be unsuccessful
39
Q

what follow-up should someone managing miscarriage conservatively have

A

TV-US 3W later

40
Q

what are 2 contraindications for conservative management miscarriage

A
  1. Infection

2. High-risk haemorrhage

41
Q

what is medical management of miscarriage

A

Mifepristone

Misoprostol

42
Q

what is the follow-up for medical management of miscarriage

A

Pregnancy test in 3W

43
Q

if under 12W what surgical management option is offered for miscarriage

A

Vacuum aspiration under LA

44
Q

if more than 12W how is a miscarriage managed surgically

A

Evacuation retained produces conception (ERCP) under GA

45
Q

what are 3 indications for surgical management miscarriage

A
  1. Infection
  2. Molar pregnancy
  3. Haemodynamically unstable
46
Q

what are risks of surgical management of miscarriage

A 
Uterine perforation
Endometritis 
Haemorrhage
Bowel/Bladder perforation
Asherman's syndrome
47
Q

what is asherman’s syndrome

A

Scarring uterus

Obstetrics (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions